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. 2023 Mar 27;19(3):e1010678. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010678

Fig 2. Contrasting genetic diversity between carbamate resistant and susceptible An. Funestus identifies CYP6P9a/b as tightly associated genes to cross-resistance.

Fig 2

A) Reduced diversity in Southern African samples is detected in 2R chromosome but not in Uganda. B) close-up analysis of the 120kb sequence spanning the known pyrethroid resistance genomic loci reveals extensive reduced diversity in Southern African populations compared to Ugandan bendiocarb susceptible. C) Comparative allele frequency of variants spanning the rp1 QTL region. The blue represents Southern African samples and the purple is for the Ugandan An. Funestus. D) The Manhattan plot representing the genome-wide association study of bendiocarb resistance comparing Southern African bendiocarb resistant vs Uganda fully susceptible An. Funestus. The–log10p-values are plotted against the position on each chromosome (unpaired t-test). The horizontal dashed line shows the genome-wide significance cut-off at FDR of 0.05. E) Manhattan plot for the 120kb genomic region spanning the rp1 QTL between the same Southern Africa and Uganda samples.