Figure 5.

Effect of cultivation light intensity (75, 150, 300 and 600 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and spray treatment (once a week, and three times in total) with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (open, grey, and dark grey for 0, 50 and 100 µmol L⁻¹, respectively) on total carbohydrates content in leaves and tuber (A,B, respectively) of radish cv. Cherry belle plants. Six replicate plants were assessed per treatment. Bars represent SEM. In traits, where the interaction of the two factors (light intensity, TiO₂ nanoparticle level) was significant, different letters indicate significant differences. The difference in the y-axis scale among panels ought to be noted. FW, fresh weight.