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. 2023 Apr 11;6:393. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04737-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic diagram of the episomal vector plasmids. SFFV is the spleen focus-forming virus U3 promoter; WPRE, posttranscriptional regulatory element; SV40PolyA, polyadenylation signal from SV40 virus; OriP, EBV (Epstein–Barr virus) origin of replication; EBNA1, Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1. b Colony formation at day 14 after nucleofection with 2 × 10⁶ PBMCs and maintenance in MSC culture conditions. c Reprogramming efficiency with different combinations of reprogramming factors. Error bars indicate standard deviation. n = 3 biologically independent samples for each group. d Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of iMSCs 8 days after reprogramming with different factor combinations. SOX2 induced iPSCs generation (TRA-1-60⁺ cells). However, SOX9 did not induce detectable TRA-1-60⁺ cells. e Colony formation at day 14 after nucleofection with 1 × 10⁶ PBMCs (control) or CD34⁺-depleted PBMCs followed by maintenance in MSC culture conditions.