. 2023 Jan 27;150(4):382–390. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022001780

Table 1.

Main characteristics of included studies evaluating the relationship between malaria infection and epilepsy

Author	Country	Type of study	Type of population	Diagnostic methods	Number of cases	Positive outcome	Number of controls	Positive outcome	Quality score
Versteeg et al. (2003)^a	Kenya	Retrospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	35	11	46	3	Moderate
Carter et al. (2004)^a	Kenya	Retrospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	152	14	179	4	High
Ngoungou et al. (2006a)^a	Mali	Prospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	101	5	222	0	High
Ngoungou et al. (2006b)^b	Gabon	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	296	45	296	12	Moderate
Idro et al. (2008)^b	Kenya	Cross-sectional	Children	Slide-positive malaria	900	479	4021	482	High
Opoka et al. (2009)^a	Uganda	Prospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	68	8	92	4	Moderate
Birbeck et al. (2010)^a	Malawi	Prospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	132	12	264	0	High
Postels et al. (2012)^a	Malawi	Prospective cohort	Children	Slide-positive malaria	167	18	272	0	High
Ngugi et al. (2013)^b	Sub-Saharan Africa	Cross-sectional	Adult	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	563	473	703	596	Moderate
Ngugi et al. (2013)^b	Sub-Saharan Africa	Cross-sectional	Children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	423	333	610	491	Moderate
Kamuyu et al. (2014)^b	South Africa	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	175	40	211	70	High
Kamuyu et al. (2014)^b	Tanzania	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	278	270	345	323	High
Kamuyu et al. (2014)^b	Uganda	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	84	84	199	198	High
Kamuyu et al. (2014)^b	Ghana	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	173	173	292	291	Moderate
Kamuyu et al. (2014)^b	Kenya	Case–control	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	276	209	266	203	Moderate
Wagner et al. (2014)^b	South Africa	Cross-sectional	Adult and children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	292	71	260	78	Moderate
Ae-Ngibise et al. (2015)^b	Ghana	Cross-sectional	Adult	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	188	187	175	175	High
Ae-Ngibise et al. (2015)^b	Ghana	Cross-sectional	Children	Malaria IgG + ve (schizont)	93	93	117	116	High
Bistervels et al. (2016)^b	Kenya	Cross-sectional	Adult and children	Slide-positive malaria	150	96	2841	1679	High
Kakooza-Mwesige et al. (2017)^b	Uganda	Cross-sectional	Adult	Slide-positive malaria	65	5	100	4	Moderate
Kakooza-Mwesige et al. (2017)^b	Uganda	Cross-sectional	Children	Slide-positive malaria	157	7	172	10	Moderate
Thierry et al. (2020)^b	Benin	Case–control	Children	Slide-positive malaria	41	29	82	12	Moderate
Gumisiriza et al. (2021)^b	Uganda	Case–control	Children	Medical history	154	38	153	43	Moderate
Dolo et al. (2022)^b	Mali	Cross-sectional	Adult and children	Medical history	1322	470	1991	88	High

Malaria-based studies.

Epilepsy-based studies.