Table 1.
Genetic characteristics and drug resistance profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from Dhaka, 2015–2021
| Year of isolation | No. of strains | Serotype | wbeO1 | ace | zot | tcpA | rtxC | ctxA | ctxB type | rstR | hlyA | intSXT | intl1 | Drug resistance profile | Deduced genetic characteristics and AMR profile | MLST type | MLVA type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 16 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND | |
| 3 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | – | – | NA | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT–, intl1–,NA | ND | ND | |
| 2016 | 29 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND | |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | – | – | NA | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT–, intl1–, NA | ND | ND | |
| 2017 | 32 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
| 2018 | 2 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, SXT | ST69 | 1 |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, SXT | ST69 | 4 | ||
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 1 | |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 2 | ||
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA | ST69 | 5 | |
| 3 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 3 | |
| 4 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 5 | ||
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | + | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl 1 + , NA, S, SXT | ND | ND | |
| 3 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT, MEL | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT, MEL | ST69 | 3 | |
| 2 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT, MEL | ST69 | 5 | ||
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | + | NA, S, SXT, MEL | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1 + , NA, S, SXT, MEL | ST69 | 5 | |
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | + | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1 + , NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 6 | |
| 2019 | 5 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 5 |
| 3 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 3 | ||
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | + | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1 + , NA, S, SXT | ST69 | 5 | |
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | + | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1 + , NA, S, SXT | ND | ND | |
| 1 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B1 | ET | ET | + | – | KF, S, CFM, CRO, NA, SXT, FEP, MEL, CIP, AMP, ATM | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB1, KF, S, CFM, CRO, NA, SXT, FEP, MEL, CIP, AMP, ATM | ST69 | 2 | |
| 2020 | 31 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
| 3 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND | |
| 2021 | 22 | Inaba | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | AMP, NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Inaba, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1–, AMP, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
| 1 | Ogawa | + | + | + | ET | + | + | B7 | ET | ET | + | – | AMP, NA, S, SXT | wbeO1 + , ace + , zot + , tcpA(ET), rtxC + , ctxA + , rstR(ET), hlyA(ET), Ogawa, ctxB7, intSXT + , intl1-, AMP, NA, S, SXT | ND | ND |
*ET El Tor, ND Not Done, NA nalidixic acid, S streptomycin, SXT sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, KF cephalothin, CFM cefixime, CRO ceftriaxone, FEP cefepime, MEL mecillinam, CIP ciprofloxacin, AMP ampicillin, ATM aztreonam