Table 4.
Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Seen in the Ophthalmology Department for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening or Treatment Stratified by Race and Ethnicity (N = 39 561)
| Total N = 39 561 (%) |
Non-Hispanic White N = 18 565 (%) |
Non-Hispanic Black N = 14 502 (%) |
Hispanic N = 1912 (%) |
Other N = 4582 (%) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | < 0.001 | |||||
| ≤ 20 | 104 (0.3) | 53 (0.3) | 34 (0.2) | 8 (0.4) | 9 (0.2) | |
| > 20 to ≤ 45 | 4697 (11.9) | 1516 (8.2) | 2020 (13.9) | 552 (28.9) | 609 (13.3) | |
| > 45 to ≤ 65 | 18 880 (47.7) | 7863 (42.4) | 7838 (54.0) | 950 (49.7) | 2229 (48.6) | |
| > 65 | 15 880 (40.1) | 9133 (49.2) | 4610 (31.8) | 402 (21.0) | 1735 (37.9) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||||
| Female | 20 635 (52.2) | 8608 (46.4) | 8754 (60.4) | 962 (50.3) | 2311 (50.4) | |
| Male | 18 926 (47.8) | 9957 (53.6) | 5748 (39.6) | 950 (49.7) | 2271 (49.6) | |
| Insurance | < 0.001 | |||||
| Private | 14 838 (38.1) | 7530 (40.8) | 4914 (34.4) | 502 (29.0) | 1892 (42.3) | |
| Medicare | 15 694 (40.3) | 8352 (45.3) | 5554 (38.8) | 366 (21.1) | 1422 (31.8) | |
| Medicaid | 4214 (10.8) | 895 (4.9) | 2613 (18.3) | 212 (12.2) | 494 (11.0) | |
| Other | 3164 (8.1) | 1561 (8.5) | 936 (6.5) | 111 (6.4) | 556 (12.4) | |
| None | 1045 (2.7) | 111 (0.6) | 283 (2.0) | 543 (31.3) | 108 (2.4) | |
| Diabetic retinopathy (DR) | < 0.001 | |||||
| No DR | 31 331 (79.2) | 15 006 (80.8) | 11 238 (77.5) | 1493 (78.1) | 3594 (78.4) | |
| Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) | 5957 (15.1) | 2679 (14.4) | 2251 (15.5) | 298 (15.6) | 729 (15.9) | |
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) | 2273 (5.7) | 880 (4.7) | 1013 (7.0) | 121 (6.3) | 259 (5.7) | |
| Other retinal disorders | < 0.001 | |||||
| Absent | 37 880 (95.8) | 17 399 (93.7) | 14 195 (97.9) | 1881 (98.4) | 4405 (96.1) | |
| Present | 1681 (4.2) | 1166 (6.3) | 307 (2.1) | 31 (1.6) | 177 (3.9) | |
| Glaucoma | < 0.001 | |||||
| Absent | 33 551 (84.8) | 16 474 (88.7) | 11 485 (79.2) | 1694 (88.6) | 3898 (85.1) | |
| Present | 6010 (15.2) | 2091 (11.3) | 3017 (20.8) | 218 (11.4) | 684 (14.9) | |
| Total office visits, mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.6) | 2.3 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.1 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| 1 office visit | 17 883 (45.2) | 7794 (42.0) | 6842 (47.2) | 940 (49.2) | 2307 (50.3) | < 0.001 |
| 2 office visits | 13 294 (33.6) | 6752 (36.4) | 4488 (30.9) | 622 (32.5) | 1432 (31.3) | |
| 3+ office visits | 8384 (21.2) | 4019 (21.6) | 3172 (21.9) | 350 (18.3) | 843 (18.4) | |
| Ever have a lapse in care | 30 707 (77.6) | 13 492 (72.7) | 11 905 (82.1) | 1577 (82.5) | 3733 (81.5) | < 0.001 |
SD = standard deviation.