Table 1.

Lumbosacral injury classification system (LSICS).

Type	Points
Flexion compression • ≤20° kyphosis • >20° kyphosis	1 2
Axial compression (comminution of upper sacrum) • Without sacral canal or neuroforaminal encroachment • With sacral canal or neuroforaminal encroachment	2 3
Translational/rotational • Anterior or posterior translation of upper sacrum • Lumbosacral facet injury or dislocation • Vertical translation or instability	3
Blast/shear (severe comminution or segmental bone loss)	4

This table was reproduced with permission from Lehman et al [41] https://www.thespinejournalonline.com/.