Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by mGFR
| Characteristic | H-mGFR (n = 63) | N-mGFR (n = 188) | L-mGFR (n = 63) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56 (45–65) | 57 (50–64) | 57 (46–63) | 0.326 |
| Women | 33 (52.4) | 99 (52.7) | 32 (50.8) | 0.987 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.3 (23.9–30.3) | 28.1 (24.7–32.0) | 30.0 (26.2–36.6)a | 0.011 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.84 (1.73–1.97) | 1.88 (1.71–1.99) | 1.94 (1.73 –2.10) | 0.081 |
| Diabetes type | 0.122 | |||
| T1D | 18 (28.6) | 40 (21.3) | 21 (33.3) | |
| T2D | 45 (71.4) | 148 (78.7) | 42 (66.7) | |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 11 (7–20) | 11 (3–23) | 10 (4–20) | 0.721 |
| History of CVD | 16 (25.4) | 41 (21.8) | 17 (27.0) | 0.782 |
| Smoking status | 0.279 | |||
| Active | 23 (36.5) | 57 (30.3) | 12 (19.1) | |
| Former | 10 (15.9) | 36 (19.2) | 14 (22.2) | |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 139 (120–150) | 140 (124–154) | 142 (132–160)a | 0.039 |
| Diastolic | 80 (80–90) | 82 (78–90) | 85 (75–90) | 0.863 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 178 (147–232) | 155 (12–210) | 154 (121–187)a | 0.022 |
| HbA1c, % | 9.3 (8–10.6) | 8.6 (7–10.1)a | 8.0 (6.9–9.3)a | 0.003 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Total | 211 (184–237) | 210 (180–252) | 210 (188–241) | 0.832 |
| HDL | 50 (39–59) | 43 (38–52) | 47 (42–58)b | 0.017 |
| LDL | 131 (109–148) | 134 (107–166) | 124 (105–152) | 0.695 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 122 (89–163) | 143 (101–199) | 147 (114–227) | 0.182 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.78 (0.70–0.91) | 0.88 (0.76–1.00)a | 1.12 (0.87–1.47)a,b | <0.0001 |
| mGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 136 (122–146) | 98 (85–109)a | 64 (49–76)a,b | <0.0001 |
| mGFR, mL/min | 145 (128–159) | 104 (89–118)a | 72 (52–89)a,b | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 95 (81–110) | 84 (73–98)a | 68 (45–89)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Albuminuria, μg/min | 6.1 (3.3–11.25) | 6.4 (3.0–15.3) | 9.0 (2.0–14.6) | 0.498 |
| Microalbuminuria | 7 (11.1) | 27 (14.4) | 8 (12.7) | 0.847 |
| Macroalbuminuria | 1 (1.6) | 7 (3.7) | 9 (14.3)a,b | 0.005 |
| Oral glucose-lowering drugs | 31 (49.0) | 86 (45.7) | 15 (23.8)a,b | 0.003 |
| Insulin | 25 (39.7) | 74 (39.4) | 28 (44.4) | 0.877 |
| Insulin total daily dose, IU | 42 (32–51) | 40 (30–48) | 39 (30–50) | 0.620 |
| Statins | 3 (5.0) | 16 (8.5) | 8 (12.7) | 0.287 |
| ACEi/ARB | 22 (35.0) | 77 (41.0) | 26 (41.3) | 0.695 |
| β-Blockers | 0 (0) | 11 (5.9) | 4 (6.4) | 0.111 |
| Calcium antagonists | 7 (11.1) | 38 (20.2)a | 19 (30.2)a | 0.030 |
| α-1 antagonists | 2 (3.2) | 20 (11.0)a | 12 (19.0)a | 0.016 |
| α-2 agonists | 0 (0) | 4 (2.0) | 3 (5.0) | 0.216 |
| Diuretics | 6 (10) | 23 (12) | 7 (11) | 0.910 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%). Differences were tested using Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher exact test, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons as appropriate. ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.
a
P < 0.05 vs. H-mGFR.
b
P < 0.05 vs. N-mGFR.