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Mechanism of CRP in chronic kidney disease. CRP induces the phosphorylation of Smad3 via promoting ERK/p38 and TGF-β1 pathways, which subsequently exacerbate renal inflammation by activating NF-κB pathway via increasing the expression of MCP-1 and decreasing the expression of Smad7 and promote renal fibrosis. Besides, CRP induces renal inflammation via enhancing the activation of NF-κB pathway directly.
