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Molecular basis of intestinal fibrosis. The molecular milieu that contributes to gut fibrosis includes multiple factors whose upregulation or downregulation might promote excessive deposition of collagens and hyperproliferation of activated myofibroblasts. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor.
