Table 2.
Preoperative and operative characteristics of isolated mitral repairs
| Entire cohort, N = 388 | Cohort 1: Age < 60 y, N = 180 | Cohort 2: Age ≥ 60 y, N = 208 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 59.9 ± 11.6 | 50.3 ± 8.2 | 68.2 ± 6.6 | <.001 |
| Male sex | 244 (62.9) | 121 (67.2) | 123 (59.1) | .100 |
| Race, non-White | 90 (23.2) | 54 (30) | 36 (17.3) | .003 |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic | 31 (8) | 17 (9.4) | 14 (6.7) | .326 |
| Body mass index | 25.9 ± 4.6 | 25.8 ± 4.4 | 26 ± 4.8 | .689 |
| Diabetes | 25 (6.4) | 12 (6.7) | 13 (6.3) | .844 |
| Hypertension | 174 (44.9) | 65 (36.1) | 109 (52.4) | .005 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 92 (23.7) | 37 (20.6) | 55 (26.4) | .330 |
| Prior CVA | 10 (2.6) | 4 (2.2) | 6 (2.9) | .911 |
| Congestive heart failure | 71 (18.3) | 33 (18.3) | 38 (18.3) | .858 |
| COPD | 30 (7.7) | 14 (7.8) | 16 (7.7) | .728 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 11 (2.8) | 3 (1.7) | 8 (3.9) | .382 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 98 (25.3) | 33 (18.3) | 65 (31.3) | .014 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 (3.4) | 7 (3.9) | 6 (2.9) | .732 |
| Renal failure requiring dialysis | 7 (1.8) | 4 (2.2) | 3 (1.4) | .565 |
| STS PROM, % | 0.44 (0.25, 0.71) | 0.25 (0.19, 0.44) | 0.63 (0.4, 1.2) | <.001 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 61.3 ± 8.0 | 61.2 ± 7.4 | 61.4 ± 8.5 | .821 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | ||||
| Previous sternotomy | 9 (2.3) | 4 (2.2) | 5 (2.4) | .906 |
| Previous CABG | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | .352 |
| Previous MV surgery | 5 (1.3) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.4) | .773 |
| Previous any valve | 7 (1.8) | 3 (1.7) | 4 (1.9) | .850 |
| Preoperative MV pathology (as assessed on echocardiogram) | ||||
| Anterior leaflet | 28 (7.2) | 15 (8.3) | 13 (6.3) | .658 |
| Posterior leaflet | 296 (76.3) | 134 (74.4) | 162 (77.9) | |
| Bileaflet | 64 (16.5) | 31 (17.2) | 33 (15.9) | |
| Operative characteristics | ||||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min | 78.8 ± 33.5 | 80.2 ± 34.3 | 77.6 ± 32.8 | .440 |
| Crossclamp time, min | 56.9 ± 26.6 | 58.1 ± 27.7 | 55.8 ± 25.7 | .403 |
| Need for second CPB run | 10 (2.6) | 5 (2.8) | 5 (2.4) | .817 |
| Minimally invasive MV repair | 292 (75.3) | 140 (77.8) | 152 (73.1) | .285 |
| Conversion from minimally invasive to sternotomy | 4 (1) | 0 | 4 (1.9) | .061 |
| Additional procedures | ||||
| Maze | 16 (15.7) | 26 (14.4) | 35 (16.8) | .520 |
| Tricuspid valve | 36 (9.3) | 13 (7.2) | 23 (11.1) | .194 |
| IABP | 6 (1.6) | 2 (1.1) | 4 (1.9) | .518 |
| Atrial septal defect repair | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Size of mitral annuloplasty ring, mm | 32 (26, 38) | 32 (30, 34) | 32 (30, 34) | .187∗ |
| Type of MV repair | ||||
| Any anterior leaflet repair | 102 (26.3) | 54 (30) | 48 (23.1) | .122 |
| Any posterior leaflet repair | 360 (92.8) | 164 (91.1) | 196 (94.2) | .236 |
| Isolated anterior leaflet repair | 28 (7.2) | 16 (8.9) | 12 (5.8) | .236 |
| Isolated posterior leaflet repair | 286 (73.7) | 126 (70) | 160 (76.9) | .122 |
| Bileaflet repair | 74 (19.1) | 38 (21.1) | 36 (17.3) | .342 |
| Anterior cords | 70 (18) | 34 (18.9) | 36 (17.3) | .686 |
| Posterior cords | 38 (9.8) | 15 (8.3) | 23 (11.1) | .368 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percent). Bolded P-values are statistically significant at an alpha level of 0.05. CVA, Cerebral vascular accident; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; STS PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; MV, mitral valve; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; MR, mitral regurgitation.
Size of mitral annuloplasty ring and STS PROM expressed as median (25th, 75th percentiles); group differences tested with Wilcoxon rank sum. Additional procedures (Maze and tricuspid valve intervention) are included in the STS definition of “isolated mitral repair”.