4. Summary of findings – interventions for prevention of PDA and related complications in preterm infants.
| Outcomes |
Intervention vs comparison (Review, year) |
Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI) |
Relative risk (95% CI) |
No. of participants (studies) |
Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) |
|
| Risk with comparison | Risk with intervention | |||||
| PDA confirmed on echocardiogram | Ibuprofen vs control (Ohlsson 2020a) |
424 per 1000 |
166 per 1000 (132 to 204) |
RR 0.39 (0.31 to 0.48) | 1029 (9) |
Moderatea |
| Acetaminophen vs control (Jasani 2022) |
612 per 1000 | 165 per 1000 (110 to 257) |
RR 0.27 (0.18 to 0.42) | 240 (3) |
Lowb | |
| Invasive PDA closure | Ibuprofen vs control (Ohlsson 2020a) |
43 per 1000 |
20 per 1000 (9 to 41) |
RR 0.46 (0.22 to 0.96) | 925 (7) |
Moderatea |
| All‐cause mortality | Acetaminophen vs control (Jasani 2022) |
91 per 1000 | 54 per 1000 (22 to 131) |
RR 0.59 (0.24 to 1.44) | 240 (3) | Lowc |
| Necrotising enterocolitis | Ibuprofen vs control (Ohlsson 2020a) |
64 per 1000 | 61 per 1000 (39 to 96) |
RR 0.96 (0.61 to 1.50) | 1028 (9) |
Moderatea |
| Severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade III/IV) | Ibuprofen vs control (Ohlsson 2020a) |
114 per 1000 | 76 per 1000 (51 to 114) |
RR 0.67 (0.45 to 1.00) | 925 (7) |
Moderatea |
aDowngraded one level due to serious risk of bias bDowngraded two levels due to serious risk of bias and high heterogeneity cDowngraded two levels due to very serious risk of bias
CI: confidence interval; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; RR: risk ratio; vs: versus