11. Interventions for symptomatic PDA: chronic lung disease.

		Comparison
		Indomethacin	Ibuprofen	Placebo/no treatment
Therapy	Indomethacin	Prolonged vs short course* 1.35, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.36; 2 RCTs, N = 201	‐	Indomethacin vs placebo/no treatment* Supplemental oxygen at 28 days of age 1.45, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.51; 1 RCT, N = 55 Supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' PMA 0.80, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.55; 1 RCT, N = 92; low‐certainty evidence
				Very early treatment (≤ day 3) vs expectant management* 1.06, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.83; 4 RCTs, N = 188
				Early treatment (≤ day 7) vs expectant management* 0.84, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.37; 2 RCT, N = 168
	Ibuprofen	Ibuprofen IV/PO vs indomethacin IV/PO* Supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' PMA 1.12, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.61; 3 RCTs, N = 357 Supplemental oxygen at 28 days of age 1.20, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.55; 5 RCTs, N = 292	Ibuprofen PO vs Ibuprofen IV* 0.82, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.20; 3 RCTs, N = 236	Ibuprofen IV vs placebo/no treatment* Supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' PMA 0.99, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.11; 1 RCT, N = 98 Supplemental oxygen at 28 days of age 1.09, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.26; 1 RCT, N = 130
			Ibuprofen high‐dose vs standard‐dose* 1.60, 95% CI 0.85 to 3.02; 1 RCT, N = 70
		Ibuprofen PO vs indomethacin IV/PO* Supplemental oxygen at 28 days of age RD 0.07, 95% CI ‐0.42 to 0.29; 1 RCT, N = 30 Chronic lung disease (no definition specified) ‐0.00, 95% CI ‐0.44 to 0.44; 1 RCT, N = 18	Ibuprofen IV: echocardiography‐guided vs standard administration* 1.35, 95% CI 0.53 to 3.44; 1 RCT, N = 49	Very early treatment (≤ day 3) vs expectant management* 0.54, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.83; 2 RCTs, N = 124
			Ibuprofen IV: continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus* 1.1, 95% CI 0.55 to 2.2; 1 RCT, N = 111	Early treatment (≤ day 7) vs expectant management* 0.97, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.29; 2 RCTs, N = 171
	Acetaminophen	1.16, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.75; 2 RCTs, N = 94	Supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' PMA 0.79, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.38; 2 RCTs, N = 141 Moderate/severe chronic lung disease 0.80, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.87; 1 RCT, N = 160 Severe chronic lung disease 0.62, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.23; 1 RCT, N = 90	Late treatment (≥ day 14) 1.04, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.76; 1 RCT, N = 55
	Ibuprofen + Acetaminophen	‐	0.80, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.27; 1 RCT, N = 24	‐
	Surgical ligation	1.28, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.98; 1 RCT, N = 154	‐	‐

CI: confidence interval;IV: intravenous; PO: per os; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PMA: post‐menstrual age; RCT: randomised controlled trials; RD: risk difference; vs: versus

Reference is the listed comparison therapy, unless otherwise indicated by *

Differences between intervention and comparison provided as risk ratio (RR), unless otherwise specified; certainty of evidence added when available from review

Outcome of chronic lung disease refers to need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' post‐menstrual age, unless otherwise specified