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. 2023 Apr 11;13:72. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-01015-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Immunohistochemical analysis of CLDN1 expression in post-chemotherapy colorectal cancer liver metastasis specimens. (A) Representative images of liver metastases from colorectal cancers after chemotherapy with various CLDN1 expression levels: no detectable signal (a), weak (b), moderate (c), and strong signal intensity (d); immunoperoxidase x400. (B) CLDN1 membrane expression in a non-treated metastasis (a), in residual tumor cells of liver metastasis specimens that displayed minor response (b) and major response (c) to chemotherapy; immunoperoxidase x400. (C) Comparison of CLDN1 expression in untreated (n = 26), major response (n = 48) and minor response (n = 41) metastasis specimens from patients with colorectal cancer. * p = 0.018 and **p = 0.002 (Kruskal-Wallis test). (D) CLDN1 RNA expression before/after chemotherapy in metastasis specimens from one responder (R) and one non-responder (NR) patients with colorectal cancer according to the RECIST response criteria: R (-87%), NR (0%). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed twice on each of the two different RNA samples from the same metastatic biopsy both prior to treatment and after treatment (n = 4). ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA test)