TABLE 2.

Characteristics of included studies

Author	Design	Nature of prehabilitation	Country	Gender breakdown	Patients (n)	Age (mean)	Primary outcome	Type of treatment	Follow up	Quality appraisal
Ambler et al., 1999	Controlled trial	Intervention began at 2nd diagnostic visit	England	100% female	110	49.5	Anxiety	Breast cancer surgery	2 weeks, 6 Months	Acceptable
Belleau et al., 2001	Randomised control trial	Intervention approx.2 weeks pre surgery	Canada	100% female	60	51.82	Anxiety	Mastectomy, segmentectomy, modified radical mastectomy	N/A	Good
Brahmbhatt et al., 2020	Feasibility trial a	Duration of surgical wait time. Average 31 days	Canada	100% female	22	54.18	Feasibility	Mastectomy or lumpectomy	6 weeks, 12 Weeks	Good
Can et al., 2009	Randomised control trial	Began at chemotherapy cycle start	Turkey	65% male, 35% female	40	54.32	Quality of life (QoL) and reduction in gastrointestinal complaints	Chemotherapy	6 Weeks in treatment	Good
de Moor et al., 2008	Randomised control trial	3 weeks before surgery	United States	100% female	49	53.60	Distress and perceived stress management	Breast cancer surgery	2 weeks	Good
de Paleville et al., 2007	Case study	1 week before chemotherapy	United States	100% female	1	42	Functional tasks	Chemotherapy	9 weeks	Acceptable
Foley et al., 2010	Randomised control trial	Varied due to multiple cancer stages and types	Australia	77% female, 23% male	115	55.17	Depression, anxiety, health‐related QoL	Varied	3 Month	Good
Galantino et al., 2012	Case study series	After diagnosis and before chemotherapy	United States	100% female	4	54.75	Cognition, perceived cognition, QoL, mood	Breast cancer	1 month, 3 Months post	Acceptable
Garssen et al., 2013	Randomised control trial	5 days before surgery	Netherlands	100% female	70	53	Psychological effects	Mastectomy or lumpectomy	Day 2, 5, 1 month, 3 Months	Good
Li et al., 2017	Randomised control trial	1 week before surgery	China	57.6% male, 42.4% female	210	55.3	QoL	Non‐specific therapy	N/A	Good
Millstine et al., 2019	Randomised control trial	Minimum 1 week before surgery	United States	100% female	28	55.6	Fatigue, stress, QoL	Breast cancer surgery	3 Months	Good
Singh et al., 2017	Feasibility trial 1	Intervention approx. 16 weeks before surgery	Australia	50% male, 50% female	10	54.4	Muscle performance	Curative resection	2 Months	Good
Zaman et al., 2021	Randomised control trial	Workshop session 1 before treatment	Netherlands	64% male, 36% female	88	55	Number of days sick leave	Gastrointestinal	3,6,9,12 Months	Good

^aFeasibility Trials: Research that takes place prior to main research with the aim of assessing parameters required for the main study inclusing satsfaction, adherence, recruitment path and eligibility (Arain et al., 2010). ⁵⁸