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. 2022 Oct 31;152(3):496–503. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34314

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

A characteristic example of each of the two types of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), HPV‐associated and HPV‐independent. The former being predominant in sub‐Saharan countries such as Mozambique and the latter in European countries such as Spain. (A) HPV‐associated invasive VSCC (H&E ×200) with basaloid histology, positive p16 staining (A') and wild‐type p53 staining showing mid‐epithelial pattern (A"). (B) HPV‐independent invasive VSCC (H&E ×200) with keratinizing histology, negative p16 staining (B') and abnormal p53 staining showing overexpression pattern (B")