Table 1.
Description of the sample as a whole and by sex.
| n | All | Boys | Girls | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 805 | 404 | 401 | ||
| Age, years | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 0.807* |
| Prepubertal stage, n (%) | 120 (14.9) | 79 (19.6) | 41 (10.2) | <0.0001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 30.8 ± 5.1 | 30.5 ± 5.6 | 0.349* |
| BMI-z score (SDS) | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.950* |
| Obesity, n (%) | 714 (88.7) | 367 (90.8) | 347 (86.5) | 0.094* |
| Family history of T2D, (%) | 455 (56.5) | 230 (56.9) | 225 (56.1) | 0.840* |
| G0 (mg/dL) | 86.2 ± 10.1 | 87.1 ± 10.1 | 85.3 ± 10.1 | 0.009* |
| G120 (mg/dL) | 110.2 ± 20.6 | 110.8 ± 19.5 | 109.7 ± 21.7 | 0.531* |
| HbA1c, (%) | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.834* |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.3 ± 4.0 | 34.3 ± 4.0 | 34.3 ± 4.1 | 0.834* |
| HOMA-IR | 3.5 (2.4-5.0) | 3.3 (2.3-4.8) | 3.8 (2.4-5.5) | 0.031* |
| TG/HDL ratio | 1.79 (1.28-2.65) | 1.78 (1.25-2.61) | 1.84 (1.30-2.67) | 0.480* |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112.3 ± 13.9 | 113.6 ± 14.0 | 110.9 ± 13.7 | 0.009* |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 66.4 ± 9.5 | 66.6 ± 9.1 | 66.3 ± 10.0 | 0.732* |
| fT3 (pmol/L) | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | <0.0001** |
| fT4 (pmol/L) | 14.4 ± 2.5 | 14.4 ± 2.5 | 14.3 ± 2.5 | 0.451** |
| fT3/fT4 ratio | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.020** |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 2.74 ± 0.98 | 2.69 ± 1.00 | 2.69 ± 1.00 | 0.445** |
| TSH Index | 2.86 ± 0.53 | 2.89 ± 0.53 | 2.84 ± 0.54 | 0.189** |
| TT4RI | 39.3 ± 15.5 | 40.0 ± 17.0 | 38.6 ± 16.0 | 0.235** |
| TFQI | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 0.191** |
| PTFQI | 0.61 ± 0.22 | 0.61 ± 0.22 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.353** |
| IGT, n (%) | 72 (8.9) | 32 (7.9) | 40 (10) | 0.283* |
| IFG, n (%) | 73 (9.1) | 43 (10.6) | 30 (7.5) | 0.160* |
| HbA1c ≥5.7% | 133 (16.5) | 67 (16.6) | 66 (16.5) | 0.910* |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (IQ range), n (%). *P value adjusted for age. **P value adjusted for centers and age.
BMI, body mass index; SDS, standard deviation score; G0, fasting glucose; G120, glucose at 120’ during oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR , homeostasis model assessment, TG/HDL ratio, triglycerides to HDL ratio; BP, blood pressure; fT4, free thyroxine; fT3, free triiodothyronine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; TT4RI, Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index; TFQI, Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index; PTFQI Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.