TABLE 2.

Characteristics of included articles on the topic of alveolar ridge augmentation

Authors	1. Setting(s) 2. Country(ies)	RCT Design	Intervention	Biologic	Material/carrier	Final Number of Participants	Final number of interventions	Healing Time (months)	Method(s) for assessment of primary outcomes	Main findings from primary outcomes
Eskan et al. (2014)	1. University 2. United States	Parallel arms	HRA: Ridge augmentation by means of PLC‐membrane	PRP	ALL	16	16	4	Caliper and histology	PRP enhances bone formation and results in increased horizontal bone gain and percentage vital bone.
				None	ALL	16	16
Hartlev et al. (2019)	1. University 2. Denmark	Parallel arms	HRA: Autogenous bone block graft covered by either a PRF membrane (test group) or an DBBM and a resorbable collagen barrier membrane (control group)	PRF	AB block	27	27	6	CBCT	PRF does not add any further benefit in terms of of bone gain
				None	AB block	27	27
de Freitas et al. (2013)	1. University 2. Brasil	Parallel‐arms	HRA: Ti‐Mesh and rhBMP‐2/ACS (1.5mg/ml) or titanium mesh and autogenous bone harvested from the retromolar area	BMP‐2	ACS	12	12	6	CBCT	BMP‐2 does not provide significant benefits in terms of bone gain
				None	AB (mandibular ramus)	12	12	6
Isik et al. (2021)	1. University 2. Turkey	Double‐center parallel‐arms	HRA: Ridge augmentation simultaneous to implant placement. No barrier membrane	PRF	DBBM	20	50	6	CBCT	Liquid PRF does not contribute to bone gain
				None	DBBM	20	48
Jung et al. (2009)	1. University 2. Switzerland	Split‐mouth	HRA: DBBM + collagen membrane +rhBMP‐2 (0.18mg) and DBBM + collagen membrane (control)	BMP‐2	DBBM	11	11	6	Clinical and radiographic examination	Implants placed in bone augmented with DBBM, a collagen membrane and rhBMP‐ 2 revealed excellent clinical and radiological outcomes after 3 and 5 years, equal to controls.
				None	DBBM		11
Nam et al. (2017)	1. University 2. South Korea	Parallel‐arms	HRA/VRA: Envelope approach with no vertical releasing incisions and no barrier membrane	BMP‐2 (0.5mg)	HA	10	10	4	CT	The use of BMP‐2 seems to exert a negligible role in the early outcomes at regenerated sites. No major adverse events were linked with the use of BMP‐2
				None	DBBM	10	10	4
Santana & Santana (2015)	1. University 2. Brazil	Parallel arms	HRA: Autogenous bone block grafts harvested from the mandibular ramus (control) vs. TCP + PDGF and PTFE membrane (test)	PDGF	TCP	15	15	6	Caliper	PDGF combined with TCP may be a suitable alternative for AB block grafts
				None	AB (mandibular ramus)	15	15
Thoma et al. (2018)	1. University 2. Switzerland	Double‐center parallel‐arms	HRA: DBBM block soaked in BMP‐2 (test) vs. symphysis or retromolar autogenous bone block (control)	BMP‐2 (1.5mg/dL)	DBBM block	12	12	4	Clinical, PROMs, histomorphometric	Similar outcomes were achieved by both groups in terms of bone gain. PROMs slightly favored the test group but histological outcomes indicated that the control group tended to exhibit greater rate of mineralized tissue
				None	AB block	12	12
Torres et al. (2010)	1. University 2. Spain	Parallel arms	HRA/VRA: DBBM used with a Ti‐Mesh. In the test group PRP placed on the top of the Ti‐Mesh	PRP	DBBM	15	22	6	CBCT	Applying PRP over the Ti mesh, may prevent complications, such as mesh exposure and graft failure.
				None	DBBM	15	21
				None	DBBM	5	5
				None	DBBM		22

Abbreviations: PRF, platelet‐rich fibrin; PRP, platelet‐rich plasma; L‐PRF, leucocyte platelet‐rich fibrin; CBCT, cone beam computed tomography; ALL, allograft; AB, autologous bone; DBBM, deproteinized bovine bone mineral; AB, autologous bone; PRGF, plasma rich in growth factors; LA, lateral‐wall approach; HRA, horizontal ridge augmentation; VRA, vertical ridge augmentation; TCP, tricalcium phosphate; PDGF, platelet‐derived growth factor; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; Ti, titanium.