Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Factor | Control (n = 347) (no HF) | Case (n = 358) (incident HF) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHIP, n (%) | 60 (17.3) | 66 (18.4) | 0.69 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 65 (58–70) | 65 (58–70) | 0.95 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 123 (35.4) | 128 (35.8) | 0.95 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 26.6 (24.8–29.3) | 27.9 (25.4–30.8) | <0.001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 19 (5.5) | 46 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 210 (60.5) | 277 (77.6) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 38 (11.0) | 91 (25.4) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (2.0) | 22 (6.1) | 0.006 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 7 (2.0) | 11 (3.1) | 0.37 |
| Malignancy | 14 (4.0) | 25 (7.0) | 0.087 |
| Smoking | 0.12 | ||
| Never | −88 (25.4) | −77 (21.6) | |
| Past | −153 (44.2) | −145 (40.7) | |
| Current | −105 (30.3) | −134 (37.6) | |
| Laboratory, median (IQR) | |||
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.9 (5.2–6.5) | 5.9 (5.3–6.7) | 0.14 |
| Telomere length, T/S | 0.91 (0.77–1.11) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.78 |
| NT‐proBNP, ng/L | 50.8 (25.2–104.1) | 104.8 (43.0–284.7) | <0.001 |
| MR‐proANP, pmol/L | 57.8 (41.6–83.2) | 73.4 (50.3–111.7) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T, μg/L | 4 (2.5–8) | 7 (4–10) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | 2.5 (1.2–4.8) | 0.006 |
| MR‐proADM, nmol/L | 0.45 (0.34–0.54) | 0.47 (0.37–0.59) | 0.006 |
| CT‐proET‐1, pmol/L | 38.4 (27.4–47.3) | 41.6 (29.3–52.2) | 0.048 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/L | 0.017 (0.014–0.022) | 0.018 (0.015–0.023) | 0.017 |
| PAI‐1, mg/L | 84.1 (52.5–124.7) | 93.3 (57.9–160.2) | 0.005 |
| Galectin‐3, mg/L | 12.2 (10.2–14.4) | 12.4 (10.4–14.7) | 0.5 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.95 (0.87–1.07) | 1.02 (0.90–1.14) | <0.001 |
| UAE, mg/24 h | 11.3 (6.9–26.2) | 19.5 (9.3–53.9) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CHIP, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CT‐proET‐1, C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1; HF, heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; MR‐proADM, mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin; MR‐proANP, mid‐regional pro‐A‐type natriuretic peptide; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; UAE, urine albumin excretion.