Table 3.
Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and baseline characteristics in individuals <65 and ≥65 years of age
| Factor | Individuals <65 years (n = 348) | Individuals ≥65 years (n = 357) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 172) (no HF) | Cases (n = 176) (incident HF) | p‐value | Control (n = 175) (no HF) | Cases (n = 182) (incident HF) | p‐value | |
| CHIP, n (%) | 10 (5.8) | 25 (14.2) | 0.009 | 50 (28.6) | 41 (22.5) | 0.19 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 57 (51–62) | 58 (51–62) | 0.91 | 69 (67–73) | 70 (67–73) | 0.99 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 63 (36.6) | 64 (36.4) | 0.96 | 60 (34.3) | 64 (35.2) | 0.86 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mdian (IQR) | 26.9 (24.9–29.5) | 27.9 (25.6–31.1) | 0.017 | 26.2 (24.6–29.1) | 27.9 (25.2–30.3) | 0.003 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 8 (4.7) | 21 (12) | 0.015 | 11 (6.3) | 25 (13.7) | 0.019 |
| Hypertension | 75 (43.6) | 118 (67.4) | <0.001 | 135 (77.1) | 159 (87.4) | 0.011 |
| Myocardial infarction | 14 (8.1) | 38 (21.6) | <0.001 | 24 (13.7) | 53 (29.1) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (0.6) | 8 (4.5) | 0.02 | 6 (3.4) | 14 (7.7) | 0.08 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 3 (1.7) | 5 (2.8) | 0.49 | 4 (2.3) | 6 (3.3) | 0.56 |
| Malignancy | 5 (2.9) | 7 (4) | 0.58 | 9 (5.1) | 18 (9.9) | 0.09 |
| Smoking | 0.25 | 0.68 | ||||
| Never | −40 (23.4) | −33 (18.9) | −48 (27.4) | −44 (24.3) | ||
| Past | −69 (40.4) | −59 (33.7) | −84 (48) | −86 (47.5) | ||
| Current | −62 (36.3) | −83 (47.4) | −43 (24.6) | −51 (28.2) | ||
| Laboratory, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.9 (5.2–6.4) | 6.1 (5.4–6.8) | 0.047 | 5.9 (5.2–6.5) | 5.8 (5.2–6.6) | 0.88 |
| Telomere length, T/S | 0.93 (0.78–1.16) | 0.95 (0.80–1.18) | 0.43 | 0.90 (0.77–1.10) | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | 0.66 |
| NT‐proBNP, ng/L | 32.2 (15.9–60.8) | 69.4 (27.5–171.7) | <0.001 | 84.9(36.3–153.5) | 163.5 (77.5–427.4) | <0.001 |
| MR‐proANP, pmol/L | 48.1 (36.1–63.8) | 55.6 (42.2–82.6) | 0.002 | 74.0 (50.9–101.3) | 91.3 (63.2–131.8) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T, μg/L | 3 (2.5–5) | 5 (2.5–8) | <0.001 | 6 (3–10) | 8 (6–12) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) | 0.022 | 1.9 (1.1–3.9) | 2.5 (1.2–4.9) | 0.15 |
| MR‐proADM, nmol/L | 0.39 (0.32–0.51) | 0.42 (0.35–0.52) | 0.12 | 0.50 (0.40–0.57) | 0.54 (0.40–0.63) | 0.012 |
| CT‐proET‐1, pmol/L | 36.9 (26.0–45.3) | 37.7 (25.4–48.7) | 0.33 | 40.3 (30.8–51.4) | 44.7 (33.0–55.3) | 0.1 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/L | 0.017 (0.014–0.022) | 0.018 (0.015–0.023) | 0.20 | 0.018 (0.015–0.022) | 0.019 (0.016–0.023) | 0.04 |
| PAI‐1, mg/L | 92.6 (55.5–164.0) | 100.4 (60.4–162.1) | 0.25 | 75.1 (50.4–113.8) | 89.3 (56.1–156.6) | 0.005 |
| Galectin‐3, mg/L | 11.4 (9.7–13.8) | 11.8 (9.4–13.1) | 0.77 | 13 (11–14.8) | 13.3 (11.4–15.9) | 0.17 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.9 (0.82–0.99) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 0.016 | 1 (0.91–1.17) | 1.1 (1.01–1.21) | <0.001 |
| UAE, mg/24 h | 9.8 (6.4–20.5) | 18.0 (8.6–52.9) | <0.001 | 12.2 (7.5–29.9) | 22.3 (10.7–53.9) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CHIP, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CT‐proET‐1, C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1; HF, heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; MR‐proADM, mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin; MR‐proANP, mid‐regional pro‐A‐type natriuretic peptide; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; UAE, urine albumin excretion.