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. 2022 Oct 25;39(12):805–812. doi: 10.1002/da.23287

Table 3.

Chronic psychopharmacological treatment and diagnoses

	AAS (%)	Control (%)	OR (unadjusted)	p Value	OR (adjusted)	p Value
Medication
Five or more prescriptions of antipsychotics (N05A)	6.6	3.5	1.94 (1.34−2.80)	.0004^a	1.71 (1.15−2.55)	.008^a
Five or more prescriptions of anxiolytics (N05B)	3.3	1.4	2.35 (1.40−3.96)	.001^a	2.1 (1.19−3.70)	.01^a
Five or more prescriptions of antidepressants (N06A)	12.5	9.2	1.41 (1.08−1.85)	.01^a	1.28 (0.96−1.70)	.09
Five or more prescriptions of psychostimulants (N06B)	4.0	2.9	1.43 (0.91−2.25)	.13	1.08 (0.67−1.75)	.74
Diagnoses
F00−F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders	NA	NA	2.00 (0.44−9.17)	.37	2.13 (0.44−10.43)	.35
F10−F19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use	5.1	2.2	2.41 (1.58−3.67)	<.0001^a	1.93 (1.24−2.99)	.004^a
F20−F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders	1.7	1.9	0.85 (0.43−1.70)	.65	0.74 (0.36−1.51)	.40
F30−F39 Mood [affective] disorders	3.3	3.1	1.08 (0.66−1.77)	.76	0.9 (0.54−1.52)	.71
F40−F48 Neurotic, stress‐related, and somatoform disorders	7.5	5.5	1.41 (1.00−1.97)	.048^a	1.13 (0.80−1.61)	.49
F50−F59 Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors	NA	NA	2.74 (0.76−9.84)	.12	3.84 (1.00−14.69)	.05^a
F60−F69 Disorders of adult personality and behavior	1.3	1.7	0.75 (0.35−1.62)	.47	0.62 (0.28−1.37)	.24
F70−F79 Mental retardation	NA	NA	0.53 (0.07−3.93)	.53	0.37 (0.05−3.02)	.35
F80−F89 Disorder of psychological development	NA	NA	0.45 (0.11−1.87)	.27	0.38 (0.09−1.60)	.19
F90−F99 Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence	5.0	3.2	1.59 (1.05−2.41)	.029^a	1.22 (0.79−1.89)	.38
Any psychiatric hospital contact	18.0	13.5	1.41 (1.12−1.78)	.004^a	1.15 (0.9−1.48)	.27

Abbreviations: AAS, anabolic androgenic steroid; NA, not applicable.

^{^a}

Significant p value. Data were analyzed with a logistic regression.