TABLE 3.
Survival, causes of death at 12 months, and indirect indicators of biological activity of ICIs
| All, n = 79 | Hematological Malignancies, n = 38 | Primary Immunodeficiencies, n = 14 | HIV/AIDS, n = 12 | Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, n = 8 | Solid Neoplasm, n = 5 | Transplant Recipients, n = 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors at 12 months after ICI initiation, n (%) | 41 (51.9) | 19 (50) | 8 (57.1) | 6 (50) | 5 (62.5) | 3 (60) | 0 (0) |
| Death from any cause, n (%) | 38 (48.1) | 19 (50) | 6 (42.9) | 6 (50) | 3 (37.5) | 2 (40) | 2 (100) |
| Death from PML, n (%) | 26 (32.9) | 15 (38.5) | 4 (28.6) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (40) | 2 (100) |
| Death from PML‐IRIS, n (%) | 7 (8.9) | 3 (7.7) | — | 2 (16.7) | 2 (25) | — | — |
| Death from PML and underlying condition, n (%) a | 3 (3.8) | — | 1 (7.1) | 2 (16.7) | — | — | — |
| Death from underlying condition, n (%) b | 2 (2.5) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (7.1) | — | — | — | — |
| Time between ICI initiation and death, days, median (IQ25–75) | 56 (31.3–74.8) | 56 (38–84) | 162 (84–231.8) | 48 (28–58.3) | 21 (20.5–40.5) | 23.5 (17.8–29.3) | 19.5 (19.3–19.8) |
| MRI contrast‐enhancing lesion at least once during follow‐up, n (%) |
32 (45.1) [71/79] |
15 (42.9) [35/38] |
7 (50) |
6 (60) [10/12] |
4 (66.7) [6/8] |
0 [4/5] |
0 |
| PML‐IRIS during follow‐up, n (%) | 15 (19) | 6 (15.8) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (41.7) | 3 (37.5) | 0 | 0 |
| >1 log copies/ml CSF JCV DNA decrease at least once during follow‐up, n (%) |
30 (58.8) [51/79] |
12 (52.2) [23/38] |
7 (63.6) [11/14] |
6 (60) [10/12] |
3 (75) [4/8] |
2 (66.7) [3/5] |
— |
| Any of the 3 surrogate markers of an effect of the therapy, n (%) | 48 (60.8) | 22 (57.9) | 10 (71.4) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (75) | 2 (40) | 0 |
In cases of missing data, the actual number of patients is indicated in brackets after each result.
One patient with a primary immunodeficiency and 2 people living with HIV died from sepsis while PML was worsening.
One patient with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma died from relapse, and 1 patient with a primary immunodeficiency died from toxoplasma encephalitis while PML was stable.
Abbreviation: AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor; IRIS = immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; JCV = JC polyomavirus; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; PML = progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.