TABLE 3.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of 2178 HCM patients with and without sudden death events over follow-up
| Demographic | HCM without SD events (n = 2106) | SD events (n = 72) | Odds ratio/p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 61% | 69% | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4); p = .15 |
| Age | 54 ± 15 | 45 ± 15 | p < .001 |
| Max LV wall thickness (mm) | 19 ± 4 | 22 ± 6 | p < .001 |
| LV wall thickness ≥30 mm | 4% | 19% | 6.0 (3.0–11.3); p < .0001 |
| Ejection fraction | 64 ± 6 | 63 ± 7 | p = .17 |
| Ejection fraction <50% | 3% | 7% | 3.3 (1.3, 8.7); p = .01 |
| Left atrial dimension | 42 ± 7 | 42 ± 7 | p = 1.0 |
| LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg-rest or provocation, % | 62% | 49% | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9); p = .02 |
| Family history-SD | 8% | 24% | 3.7 (2.1, 6.5); p < .001 |
| Syncope | 9% | 29% | 4.1 (2.4, 7.0); p < .001 |
| LV apical aneurysm | 2% | 11% | 6.3 (2.8, 14.0); p < .001 |
| Extensive LGE (≥15% LV mass) | 4% | 17% | 4.7 (1.7, 12.9); p = .003 |
| NSVT on ambulatory monitoring | 13% | 32% | 3.1 (1.8, 5.1); p < .001 |
| ≥1 sudden death risk marker | 24% | 89% | 25.6 (12.2, 53.8); p < .001 |
| History of AF before initial visit | 17% | 19% | 1.2 (0.6, 2.1); p = .6 |
| NYHA class III/IV at initial visit | 37% | 24% | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9); p = .02 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 7 | p = .2 |
| <25 kg/m2 | 20% | 26% | 1.4 (0.8, 2.6); p = .25 |
| 25–29 kg/m2 | 37% | 38% | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5); p = .45 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 43% | 36% | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3); p = .20 |
| History of Hypertension | 27% | 16% | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9); p = .04 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126 ± 17 | 123 ± 14 | p = .14 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75 ± 10 | 72 ± 9 | p = .01 |
| History of diabetes | 11% | 0% | 0.05 (0, 0.9); p = .04 |
| History of CAD | 8% | 14% | 1.8 (0.9, 3.5); p = .10 |
| History of hypothyroid | 9% | 4% | 0.4 (0.1, 1.4); p = .17 |
| History of hyperlipidemia | 39% | 28% | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0); p = .05 |
| History of chronic kidney disease | 3% | 0% | 0.2 (1.01, 3.6); p = .29 |
| History of obstructive sleep apnea | 12% | 6% | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2); p = .10 |
| History of pulmonary disease | 10% | 4% | 0.4 (0.1, 1.2); p = .11 |
| History of tobacco use | 36% | 34% | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6); p = .76 |
| History of alcohol use | 59% | 63% | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1); p = .55 |
| Appropriate ICD intervention VT/VF | – | 80% | – |
| Out of hospital cardiac arrest | – | 14% | – |
| Sudden death | – | 6% | – |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ICD, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricular; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VT/VF, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation