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Schematic representation of aptamer-based strategies to block PD-1/PD-L1 axis in TNBC. (a) TNBC aptamer-decorated nanoparticles loaded with anti-PD-L1 siRNA; (b) anti-CD44 and anti-PD-L1 aptamer-decorated liposomes loaded with both doxorubicin and anti-IDO1 siRNA; (c) anti-PD-L1 aptamer conjugated to paclitaxel; (d) anti-EGFR aptamer covalently linked to anti-PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 mAbs (see text for details). Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 2 March 2023).
