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. 2023 Mar 23;12(7):1374. doi: 10.3390/foods12071374

Table 3.

∑PAH4 and ∑PAH8 contents of the meat samples cooked using direct and indirect cooking methods at different cooking degrees (mean ± SD).

N ∑PAH4 ∑PAH8
Cooking method
Direct 6 3.53 ± 3.53a 6.23 ± 6.04a
Indirect 6 3.56 ± 1.83a 4.47 ± 2.04a
Sign. ns ns
Cooking degree
Medium 6 2.39 ± 2.73a 2.84 ± 2.32b
Well-done 6 4.71 ± 2.73a 7.86 ± 4.70a
Sign. ns **

Sign.: Significance; Different letters (a and b) in the same column are significantly different (p < 0.05); SD: standard deviation; ns: not significant (p > 0.05); **: p < 0.01.