COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B.
RelA	p65.
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors.
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns.
TLRs	Toll-like receptors.
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response 88.
TRIF	TIR-domain containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta.
IKK	Inhibitor of NF-κB kinase.
IκBα	Inhibitor of NF-κB.
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2.
iNOS	Inducible NO synthase.
IL	Interleukin.
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
NLPR3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3.
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
PPD	Protopanaxadiol.
PPT	Protopanaxatriol.
OA	Oleanolic acid.
OT	Ocotillol.
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease.
TNFRs	Tumor necrosis factor receptors.
IL-1Rs	Interleukin-1 receptors.
RANK	Receptor activator of NF-κB.
BAFFR	B cell activating factor receptor.
LTβR	Lymphotoxin beta receptor.
RANKL	Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand.
BAF	B cell activating factor.
LTα1β2	Lymphotoxin alpha/beta.
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase.
JAK	Janus kinase.
STAT	Signal transduction and activator of transcription.
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide.
CNS	Central nervous system.
BBB	Blood–brain barrier.
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1.
PPARγ	Proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase.
CUMS	Chronic unpredictable mild stress.
CPZ	Cuprizone.
Iba-1	Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1.
CXCL10	Chemokine ligand 10.
3-NP	3-nitropropionic acid.
HUVECs	Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells.
Ang-II	Angiotensin-II.
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1 protein.
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products.
ALD	Alcoholic liver disease.
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
ALT	Alanine transaminase.
AST	Aspartate transaminase.
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase.
AKP	Alkaline phosphatase.
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor-beta1.
NASH	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
FoxO1	Forkhead box O1.
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1.
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2.
ARDS	Acute respiratory syndrome.
EMT	Endothelial–mesenchymal transition.
LC3	Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3.
Snail	Zinc finger protein SNAI1.
Slug	Zinc finger protein SNAI2.
TWIST1	Twist-related protein 1.
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor.
Akt	Protein kinase B.
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1.
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1.
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma.
Anxa2	Annexin A2.
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin.