Figure 3.
Dietary vitamins and minerals contribute to the antioxidant defense system. The impact of oxidative stress on DNA damage and initiation of carcinogenesis can be regulated by vitamins and trace elements in the different organelles of the cell. Vitamins such as ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione play a key role in oxidative homeostasis. Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; APX, ascorbate peroxidase, H2O2, hydrogen peroxidase; POD, peroxidase; GSH, glutathione peroxidase; Asa; ascorbic acid.