Table 1.

Evaluations of community-based IPV interventions in India.

Table One: Evaluations of Community-Based IPV Interventions in India
Study	Condition of Intervention	Intervention Description	Study Design	Duration	Sample	Age of Participants	Primary Outcome
Interventions with Couples
Hartmann et al. 2021 [39]	Interventions with couples	Study with 3 arms: control, 4 weekly cognitive behavioral counseling sessions with couples, and 4 weekly cognitive behavioral counseling sessions with couples plus incentive to not drink	3-arm randomized controlled trial	1 month	60 couples from a large city, 20 per arm	Men 27–52 and women 18–42 years of age	Female-reported IPV victimization and breath alcohol concentration among participants (both partners)
Kalokhe et al. 2021 [41]	Interventions with couples	Assign peer educators to groups of 3–5 couples to address relationship quality, resilience, communication, conflict negotiation, self-esteem, sexual health and communication, and norms around IPV.	Quasi-experimental	6 weeks	40 newly married couples residing in slum communities surrounding a major city, 20 per arm	Men averaging 26.4 and women averaging 21.6 years of age	Female-reported IPV victimization (psychological abuse); female mental health
Interventions with Women
Cottler et al. 2010 [38]	Interventions with women	Women’s groups—Body Wise Intervention—focused on sexual health and behavior	Pre/post evaluation	2 months	100 married women whose husbands reported heavy drinking during a community-wide household survey	18–50 years of age	Female-reported IPV victimization (emotional, sexual, and physical abuse)
Neider et al. 2022 [43]	Interventions with women	Classroom-based training	Quasi- experimental	10 h of training over 5 weeks	254 female university students	17–22 years of age	Female-reported sexual victimization; knowledge and attitudes of gender, healthy relationships and communication, sexual health, and bystander intention
Saggurti et al. 2014 [45]	Interventions with women	Intervention including 4 individual sessions and 2 women’s groups sessions; problem solving sessions with a counselor	2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial	6–9 weeks	220 married women from a low-income community with a history of IPV or male partner heavy drinking	18–40 years of age	Female-reported IPV victimization (physical and sexual abuse); marital conflict; and marital sexual coercion
Multi-Level Interventions
Balaji et al. 2011 [37]	Multi-level intervention (women, men, sex workers, and youth groups)	Peer educators conduct group sessions; street plays; teacher training program; and a health information campaign at household and community levels	Quasi-experimental	18-month-long intervention	Young adults in 2 urban and 2 rural communities in a state	Young adults 16–24 years of age	Male- and female-reported IPV victimization (physical and sexual abuse), depression, and substance use
Javalkar et al. 2019 [40]	Multi-level intervention (women, men, sex workers, and youth groups)	Sex worker group meetings; peer educator counseling with sex workers; village plays; training of male champions; couples events for sex workers and their IP’s; and a crisis management team	Cluster randomized controlled trial	27 months	547 sex workers from 47 villages in 1 district	Women averaging 34.5 years of age	Female-reported IPV victimization (physical and sexual abuse), acceptance of IPV
Nair et al. 2020 [42]	Multi-level intervention (women, men, and youth groups)	Community mobilization through participatory learning and action—meetings with women’s groups followed by community gatherings	Pre/post evaluation	16 months	679 women at baseline and 861 women at endline from 39 women’s groups across 22 villages in one district	Age range of women not provided	Female-reported IPV victimization (emotional violence from husbands)
Reza-Paul et al. 2012 [44]	Multi-level intervention (women, men, sex workers, and youth groups)	Sex worker-led structural intervention to address root causes of violence against sex workers at the community level: addressed isolation, access to health services, intimidation, harassment, extortion, and rape from men and police, and assault by boyfriends; set up safe spaces, rapid violence response, improved workplace security, increased access to health care/condoms/STI testing, and increased community acceptance	Time-series and incident monitoring	5 years	Sex workers in one community	18 years or older; age range not provided	Female-reported IPV victimization (physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, and verbal) by boyfriends, clients, police, pimps/agents
Schensul et al. 2010 [46]	Multi-level intervention (men and community)	Men’s group meetings with referrals for individual counseling; community-wide health information campaign (street dramas, poster and banner presentations, film showings, and distribution of health communication materials)	Quasi- experimental	3 years	Married men from three communities outside a major Indian city that are daily wage workers, petty traders, and small business owners	21–40 years of age	Male-reported perpetration of violence (physical and verbal) towards spouse; drinking behavior, gender equity attitudes, and extramarital sex