Table 1.

Selected biotechnological methods in epothilone production.

Strains	Method	Results	Reference
S. cellulosum	Inactivation of the epoK gene by TALEN gene knockout system	Epothilone D yield increased to 34.9% and Epothilone B decreased to 34.2%	[33]
Schlegella brevitalea DSM 7029	Heterologous expression of different plasmids created by BioBricksTM and SSRTA methods	Enhancement of Epothilone B production to 82 mg/L in 6 days of fermentation	[34]
S. cellulosum	Optimization of parameters to 30 °C, initial pH = 7.4, speed of 200 r/min, inoculation of 10%, loading amount of 50/250 mL, fermentation 6 days, seed age of 60 h.	Increasing epothilone B production to 39.76 mg/L	[35]
S. cellulosum	Enhance the epothilone gene cluster with a novel promoter P3 by TALE-TF and CRISPR/dCas9	Epothilone B yield increased by 2.89- and 1.53-fold. Epothilone D yield improvement by 1.12- and 2.18-fold	[16]
S. cellulosum	Fermentation of S. cellulosum modified with plasmids pR6K-Amp-H.a-f-Ptet-H.a-r and pR6K-H.a-f-PBAD-H.a-r	Increasing the Epothilone B production to 93 mg/L	[36]
Burkholderiales strain DSM 7029	Electroporation of epothilone gene cluster 56 kb to DSM 7029, plus methylmalonyl-CoA and overexpression of tRNA genes	Increase the yields of epothilones production by 75-fold to 307 μg/L	[37]
S. cellulosum	Fermentation of immobilized S. cellulosum into porous ceramics	Increasing by 4-Folds the epothilone production to 90.2 mg/L	[38]