Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and levels of blood cell biomarkers of inflammation.
| Responders | Non-Responders | p Value | Bio-Naive, Responders |
Bio-Naive, Non-Responders |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α inhibitors * | ||||||
| n | 73 | 58 | - | 60 | 48 | - |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 44 (32–52) | 46 (32–60) | - | 44 (33–52) | 49 (32–60) | - |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 21 (29) | 18(31) | - | 18 (30) | 13 (27) | - |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26.6 (24.0–30.9) a | 29.4 (24.4–34.3) | - | 26.8 (24.0–30.3) | 28.9 (24.4–33.9) | - |
| Ever-smokers, n (%) | 33 (45) a | 34 (39) | - | 30 (50) | 27 (56) | - |
| PsA, n (%) | 13 (18) b | 18 (31) d | - | 11 (18) c | 14 (29) | - |
| Baseline PASI, median (IQR) | 6.9 (4.6–12.0) e | (9.8 (5.6–12.6) a | - | 7.9 (5.5–12.5) a | 10 (5.4–12.7) a | - |
| Concomitant MTX treatment, n (%) | 5 (7) | 5 (9) | - | 5 (8) | 5 (10) | - |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L, median (IQR) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) f | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) h | - | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) g | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) e | - |
| Neutrophils, 109/L, median (IQR) | 3.7 (3.2–4.6) f | 4.4 (3.5–5.6) h | - | 3.6 (3.1–4.7) g | 4.5 (3.6–5.6) e | - |
| Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR) | 250.0 (209.5–295.8) a | 261.0 (217.0–313.0) a | - | 253.0 (210.0–297.5) a | 261.0 (215.5–321.0) a | - |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 2.1 (1.7–2.9) f | 2.5 (1.9–3.5) h | 0.04 | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) g | 2.5 (2.0–3.8) e | 0.04 |
| PLR, median (IQR) | 148.2 (124.7–174.5) f | 148.2 (113.9–197.7) g | 0.79 | 151.8 (126.7–178.5) g | 151.3 (121.7–201.4) h | 0.55 |
| SII, 109/L, median (IQR) | 552.7 (400.7–726.4) f | 653.6 (418.4–967.5) g | 0.08 | 552.7 (414.8–775.6) g | 689.0 (502.6–1060.0) h | 0.05 |
| IL-23/IL-12/23 inhibitors ** | ||||||
| n | 29 | 21 | - | 25 | 10 | - |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 38 (23–45) | 50 (33–55) | - | 38 (23–45) | 42 (30–50) | - |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 11 (38) | 5 (24) | - | 10 (40) | 2 (20) | - |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.1 (22.0–30.4) | 28.6 (27.3–32.6) | - | 25.3 (22.4–30.4) | 28.4 (28.0–29.9) | - |
| Ever-smokers, n (%) | 16 (55) | 11 (25) | - | 12 (48) | 4 (40) | - |
| PsA, n (%) | 3 (10) d | 5 (24) | - | 2 (8) i | 1 (10) | - |
| Baseline PASI, median (IQR) | 9.9 (7.3–11.0) | 10.2 (6.6–13.6) | - | 9.6 (7.3–10.5) | 8.1 (6.5–11.8) | - |
| Concomitant MTX treatment, n (%) | 4 (14) | 2 (9) | - | 4 (16) | 1 (10) | - |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L, median (IQR) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) a | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) e | - | 1.5 (1.3–2.0) | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) a | - |
| Neutrophils, 109/L, median (IQR) | 3.9 (3.1–5.6) a | 4.3 (3.2–5.7) e | - | 3.9 (3.0–5.3) | 3.3 (2.5–4.6) a | - |
| Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR) | 262.0 (215.0–341.0) | 255.0 (220.0–285.0) | - | 249.0 (212.0–278.0) | 252.5 (227.0–262.5) | - |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 2.4 (2.0–3.0) a | 2.5 (1.8–3.5) e | 0.96 | 2.4 (1.9–2.6) | 1.9 (1.6–3.5) a | 0.54 |
| PLR, median (IQR) | 149.0 (134.3–204.3) a | 159.0 (116.0–197.3) e | 0.82 | 148.7 (121.4–179.2) | 159.0 (141.9–179.5) a | 0.59 |
| SII, 109/L, median (IQR) | 600.5 (517.8–730.3) a | 554.1 (403.0–1037.4) e | 0.76 | 584.3 (503.9–678.7) | 492.3 (363.8–970.6) a | 0.47 |
| IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors *** | ||||||
| n | 54 | 11 | - | 23 | 1 | - |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 44 (31–57) | 54 (47–62) | - | 41 (31–49) | - | - |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 21 (39) | 4 (36) | - | 8 (35) | - | - |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26.1 (22.8–29.5) | 34.7 (26.9–40.7) | - | 23.8 (21.3–28.5) | - | - |
| Ever-smokers, n (%) | 22 (41) | 7 (64) | - | 9 (39) | - | - |
| PsA, n (%) | 19 (35) d | 2 (18) e | - | 6 (26) i | - | - |
| Baseline PASI, median (IQR) | 9.2 (7.0–11.4) | 8.4 (6.2–11.2) | - | 10.5 (7.5–13.8) | - | - |
| Concomitant MTX treatment, n (%) | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | - | 3 (12) | - | - |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L, median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.4–1.9) | 1.8 (1.7–2.2) g | - | 1.8 (1.4–2.0) | - | - |
| Neutrophils, 109/L, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.1–4.8) | 3.4 (2.8–6.0) g | - | 4.4 (3.3–4.9) | - | - |
| Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR) | 246.8 (208.0–294.0) | 271.5 (269.0–288.0) a | - | 247.0 (215.0–294.0) | - | - |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) g | 0.28 | 2.5 (2.0–3.2) | - | - |
| PLR, median (IQR) | 141.3 (108.1–185.4) | 152.0 (120.2–164.8) g | 0.87 | 143.3 (121.5–184.9) | - | - |
| SII, 109/L, median (IQR) | 569.4 (446.3–745.7) | 625.6 (476.2–714.2) g | 0.85 | 701.6 (463.8–789.9) | - | - |
p value indicates the result of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. * TNF-α inhibitors included adalimumab (n = 125), infliximab (n= 3), certolizumab pegol (n = 2), and etanercept (n = 1). ** IL-23/IL-12/23 inhibitors included guselkumab (n = 10), risankizumab (n = 3), and ustekinumab (n = 37). *** IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors included secukinumab (n = 31), ixekizumab (n = 21), and brodalumab (n = 13). a Missing data (n = 1), b missing data (n = 19), c missing data (n = 17), d missing data (n = 9), e missing data (n = 2), f missing data (n = 5), g missing data (n = 4), h missing data (n = 3), and i missing data (n = 8). TNF, tumor necrosis factor; BMI, body mass index; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PASI, psoriasis area and severity index; MTX, methotrexate; IL, interleukin; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; and SII; systemic immune–inflammation index.