Table 3.
Baseline characteristics and cytokine levels.
| Responders | Non-Responders | p Value | Bio-Naive, Responders |
Bio-Naive, Non-Responders |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adalimumab | ||||||
| n | 35 | 27 | - | 31 | 24 | - |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 43 (34–54) | 54 (33–60) | - | 42 (34–53) | 51 (33–60) | - |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 11 (31) | 7 (26) | - | 10 (32) | 6 (25) | - |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 28.2 (24.6–31.3) | 27.7 (24.4–34) | - | 28.3 (25.2–32.0) | 28.5 (25.3–34.7) | - |
| Ever-smokers, n (%) | 16 (46) | 14 (52) a | - | 14 (45) | 12 (50) | - |
| PsA, n (%) | 5 (14) | 7 (26) | - | 4 (13) | 6 (25) | - |
| Baseline PASI, median (IQR) | 8.4 (4.2–13.8) | 9.6 (6.0–12.0) | - | 10.0 (5.3–14.0) | 9.7 (6.2–11.9) | - |
| Concomitant MTX treatment, n (%) | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | - | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | - |
| TNF-α, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 3.94 (2.90–5.15) b | 5.04 (1.83–7.42) d | 0.32 | 3.89 (2.83–5.09) c | 4.87 (1.85–7-69) d | 0.28 |
| IL-6, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.99 (0.42–1.48) c | 1.62 (0.96–2.41) e | 0.02 | 0.99 (0.42–1.42) c | 1.63 (1.10–2.36) e | 0.01 |
| sIL-6ST, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 123.34 (97.67–143.30) | 123.36 (103.72–159.04) | 0.37 | 123.34 (95.74–139.44) | 130.44 (105.73–157.99) | 0.18 |
| sIL-6R, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 30.11 (26.31–35.84) | 39.63 (30.71–47.17) | 0.06 | 30.11 (25.64–34.15) | 39.83 (31.67–49.30) | 0.03 |
| IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors * | ||||||
| n | 17 | 7 | - | 0 | 0 | - |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 52 (41–59) | 61 (52–69) | - | - | - | - |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 6 (35) | 3 (43) | - | - | - | - |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 28.6 (26.6–33.7) | 31.6 (24.1–39.8) | - | - | - | - |
| Ever-smokers, n (%) | 7 (41) | 1 (14) | - | - | - | - |
| PsA, n (%) | 5 (29) | 1 (14) | - | - | - | - |
| Baseline PASI, median (IQR) | 7.2 (5.3–8.9) | 8.4 (5.0–10.3) | - | - | - | - |
| Concomitant MTX treatment, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| TNF-α, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 4.57 (3.07–9.24) e | 2.24 (1.33–3.83) | 0.11 | - | - | - |
| IL-6, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 2.16 (0.64–6.02) e | 1.04 (0.84–1.24) | 0.42 | - | - | - |
| sIL-6ST, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 128.12 (110.85–159.21) | 104.60 (101.64–106.10) | 0.02 | - | - | - |
| sIL-6R, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 32.62 (27.29–37.61) | 37.22 (32.55–39.77) | 0.29 | - | - | - |
p value indicates the result of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. * IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors included secukinumab (n = 1), ixekizumab (n = 11), and brodalumab (n = 12). a Missing data (n = 1), b samples below detection limit (n = 4), c samples below detection limit (n = 2), d samples below detection limit (n = 3), and e samples below detection limit (n = 1). TNF, tumor-necrosis factor; BMI, body mass index; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PASI, psoriasis area and severity index; MTX, methotrexate; IL, interleukin; sIL-6ST, soluble interleukin-6 signal transducer; and sIL-6R, soluble interleukin-6 receptor.