Table 1.
Outcomes from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sedentary time from the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire.
| CON vs. EXE | CON vs. MOT | MOT vs. EXE | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GA Week 28 | GA Week 34 | GA Week 28 | GA Week 34 | GA Week 28 | GA Week 34 | |||||||
| Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | Differences [95% CI] |
p-Value | |
| PSQI | ||||||||||||
| Global PSQI score | −0.8 [−2; −0.1] | 0.031 | −1 [−2; −0.5] | 0.002 | −0.3 [−1.0; 0.5] | 0.451 | −1.0 [−2; −0.1] | 0.026 | −0.5 [−0.1.1; 0.1] | 0.848 | −0.4 [−1.1; 0.3] | 0.309 |
| Total sleep time (h/day) | 0.06 [−0.3; 0.41] | 0.727 | 0.1 [−0.3; 0.5] | 0.702 | 0.11 [−0.24; 0.5] | 0.554 | 0.27 [−0.14; 0.7] | 0.191 | −0.04 [−0.3; 0.2] | 0.757 | −0.2 [−0.5; 0.1] | 0.234 |
| Total time in bed (h/day) | −0.20 [−0.6; 0.17] | 0.282 | −0.1 [−0.5; 0.3] | 0.637 | −0.14 [−0.5; 0.2] | 0.474 | 0.02 [−0.4; 0.4] | 0.921 | −0.1 [−0.4; 0.2] | 0.686 | −0.1 [−0.4; 0.2] | 0.469 |
| Subjective sleep quality | 0.11 [ 0.1; 0.3] | 0.340 | 0.03 [−0.24; 0.32] | 0.795 | 0.11 [−0.12; 0.35] | 0.341 | 0.1 [−0.2; 0.4] | 0.494 | −0.005 [−0.2; 0.2] | 0.961 | −0.05 [−0.30; 0.2] | 0.661 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 3 [−0.9; 7] | 0.133 | 3 [−2; 8] | 0.240 | 2.7 [−1.4; 6.9] | 0.199 | 3.7 [−1.3; 8.86] | 0.146 | 0.4 [−2.9; 3.8] | 0.804 | −0.8 [−4.7; 3.1] | 0.696 |
| Sleep Disturbance | −0.14 [−0.3; 0.1] | 0.164 | −0.3 [−0.5; −0.05] | 0.019 | −0.07 [−0.3; 0.1] | 0.485 | −0.14 [−0.4; 0.11] | 0.279 | −0.1 [−0.24; 0.1] | 0.388 | −0.2 [−0.3; 0.03] | 0.098 |
| Sleep Medications | −0.1 [−0.3; 0.07] | 0.246 | −0.1 [−0.3; 0.1] | 0.324 | 0.0003 [−0.2; 0.2] | 0.997 | −0.02 [−0.2; 0.15] | 0.801 | −0.1 [−0.2; 0.04] | 0.153 | −0.1 [−0.2; 0.1] | 0.344 |
| Sleep latency | −0.33 [−0.7; 0.04] | 0.077 | −0.5 [−0.8; 0.05] | 0.027 | −0.2 [−0.6; 0.1] | 0.221 | −0.21 [−0.6; 0.2] | 0.325 | −0.09 [0.4; −0.2] | 0.541 | −0.25 [−0.5; 0.04] | 0.098 |
| Daytime Dysfunction | −0.03 [−0.3; 0.2] | 0.758 | −0.3 [−0.5; 0.00] | 0.052 | 0.20 [−0.03; 0.4] | 0.095 | −0.146 [−0.43; 0.14] | 0.313 | −0.2 [−0.4; −0.04] | 0.017 | −0.13 [−0.32; 0.1] | 0.186 |
| PPAQ | ||||||||||||
| Sedentary time h/day | −0.69 [−1; −0.0] | 0.0498 | −0.05 [−1; –0.9] | 0.916 | −0.11 [−0.8; −0.6] | 0.754 | 0.1 [−0.8; −1.2] | 0.776 | −0.6 [−1.0; −0.02] | 0.042 | −0.1 [−1.0; 0.6] | 0.776 |
Comparison between groups on sleep outcomes from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sedentary time from the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). A positive mean value indicates that the last-mentioned group has the highest mean. Bold p-value denotes statistical significance. CI, confidence interval; CON, standard care; EXE, structured supervised exercise training; GA, gestational age; h, hour; MOT, motivational counseling on physical activity.