Table 10.
Odds ratios and 95% CI for financial impact from fraud and online fraud victimization.
| Variable | Fraud (n = 12,519) |
Online Fraud (n = 7061) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (ref = 65+) | ||
| 18–34 | 1.86 (1.60–2.16) *** | 1.58 (1.29–1.93) *** |
| 35–49 | 1.45 (1.25–1.68) *** | 1.09 (0.90–1.35) |
| 50–64 | 1.35 (1.17–1.57) *** | 1.12 (0.92–1.38) |
| Gender (ref = female) | ||
| Male | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) |
| Education (ref = low) | ||
| Medium | 1.24 (1.02–1.47) * | 1.57 (1.21–2.03) *** |
| High | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) * |
| Financial situation | ||
| (ref = difficult) | ||
| Easy | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) *** | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) |
| Live only adult (ref = yes) | ||
| No | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) |
| Area live (ref = rural) | ||
| Small/medium town | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) |
| Large town | 1.07 (0.95–1.19) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) |
| Internet use | ||
| (ref = every day) | ||
| Every week | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) * | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) |
| Less than every week | 1.55 (1.31–1.84) *** | 1.84 (1.46–2.32) *** |
| Never | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) | NA |
| Online shopping | ||
| (ref = every month) | ||
| Less than every month | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) * |
| Never | 0.74 (0.59–0.90) *** | 0.90 (0.64–1.21) |
| Seen fraud awareness campaign (ref = yes) | ||
| No | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) |
| Avoid clicking suspicious links (ref = always) | ||
| Sometimes | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) |
| Never | 1.49 (1.29–1.71) *** | 1.54 (1.26–1.88) *** |
| Use antivirus (ref = always) | ||
| Sometimes | 1.24 (1.09–1.41) *** | 1.39 (1.17–1.65) *** |
| Never | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) |
| Check credibility of vendor (ref = always) | ||
| Sometimes | 1.06 (0.97–1.17) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) |
| Never | 0.96 (0.85–1.11) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) |
| Read terms and conditions (ref = always) | ||
| Sometimes | 0.74 (0.67–0.82) *** | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) *** |
| Never | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.72 (0.62–0.84) *** |
*** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05. NA: Not Applicable.