Table 2.
Summary of findings from the bibliographic search (from 1 September 2018 to 1 January 2023) of the scoping review, ordered according to the three populations assessed (hospitalized, community-dwelling, and nursing home older populations) (n = 17).
| First Author, Year of Publication, and Citation | Population | Sample Size (n) | Mean Age (Years) ± SD |
Primary Outcome: Mortality. Other Secondary Outcomes |
Design | Muscle Mass Assessment Method | Odds Ratio/Hazard Ratio (95%CI; p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hirose, 2021 [29] | Hospitalized patients | 1332 | Aged 65 and older | Mortality | Cohort study | BIA | HR = 1.57 (95%CI 1.09–2.27; p = 0.016) |
| Gomes Pereira, 2021 [35] | Hospitalized patients | 90 | 68.0 (56.3–5.3) | Mortality | Cross-sectional study | Omission of muscle mass as phenotypic criterion | OR = 1.498 (95%CI 0.496–4.521; p = 0.473) |
| Davalos-Yerovi, 2021 [30] | Hospitalized patients with stable COPD | 200 | 66.5 ± 9 | Mortality Hospitalization, length of stay |
Cohort study | BIA | HR = 2.8 (95%CI 0.9–8; p = 0.005) |
| Allepaerts, 2020 [31] | Hospitalized patients | 79 | 84.9 ± 5.3 | Mortality Institutionalization |
Cohort study | BIA | OR = 7.29 (95%CI 1.87–28.4; p = 0.0043) |
| Xu, 2020 [36] | Hospitalized patients | 6519 | 78.4 ± 6 | Mortality Diagnostic performance indicators of several cut-off points of calf circumference |
Cross-sectional study | Calf circumference | OR = 1.231 (95%CI 1.022–1.484; p = 0.029) |
| Munoz, 2021 [32] | Hospitalized patients in emergency wards | 165 | 73 (65–102) | Mortality Length of stay, transfer to intensive unit care, and the diagnostic performance indicators |
Cohort study | Handgrip strength, calf circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, adductor pollicis thickness. | HR = 4.23 (95%CI 1.2–14.9; p = 0.02) |
| Sanz-Paris, 2020 [33] | Hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes | 159 | 77.9 | Mortality Frailty |
Cohort study | Calf and mid-arm circumference | HR = 2.09 (95%CI 1.29–3.38; p = 0.003) |
| Sobestiansky, 2021 [34] | Hospitalized | 56 | 84 ± 7.3 | Mortality Malnutrition and sarcopenia |
Cohort study | DXA and calf circumference | HR = 4.83 (95%CI 1.04–22.39) |
| Zhang, 2021 [22] | Hospitalized patients with cancer | 1192 | Aged 65 and older | Mortality | Cohort study | Calf circumference | HR = 1.35 (95%CI 1.09–1.66; p = 0.006) |
| Contreras-Bolívar, 2019 [23] | Hospitalized patients with cancer | 282 | 60 ± 12.6 | Mortality | Cohort study | DXA, BIA, CT, handgrip strength, mid-arm circumference, and arm muscular circumference |
If using handgrip strength, OR = 2.72 (95%CI 1.37–5.4; p = 0.004) If using FFMI, OR = 1.87 (95%CI 1.01–3.48; p = 0.047) |
| Huang, 2021 [24] | Hospitalized patient with cancer | 597 | 72 ± 8 | Mortality | Cohort study | CT | OR = 1.360 (95%CI 0.942–1.963; p = 0.101) |
| Rodríguez-Mañas, 2021 [27] | Community-dwelling | 1294 | 75 ± 6.29 | Mortality Incident frailty |
Cohort study | Handgrip strength | OR = 1.758 (95%CI 1.073–2.849; p < 0.05 |
| Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2021 [20] | Community-dwelling | 534 | 73.07 ± 5.96 | Mortality | Cohort study | DXA, handgrip strength, calf circumference, mid-arm circumference, Goodman grid, Ishii score chart, Yu formula, and omission of muscle mass as phenotypic criterion | HR = 3.38 (95%CI 1.89–6.09) |
| Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2020 [13] | Community-dwelling | 534 | 73.2 ± 6.05 | Mortality Falls, fractures, and institutionalization |
Cohort study | DXA | HR = 4.41 (95%CI 2.17–8.97) |
| Yeung, 2021 [28] | Community dwelling | 3702 | 72 ± 4 | Mortality Onset of sarcopenia, frailty, falls, mobility limitation, and hospitalization |
Cohort study | DXA | HR = 1.62 (95%CI 1.39–1.89; p < 0.01) |
| Yeung, 2021 [25] | Community-dwelling and institutionalized patients | 2032 | CD: 78.1 ± 6.5 I: 85.5 ± 6.4 |
Mortality | Cohort study | Corrected muscle mass arm circumference | HR = 1.37 (95%CI 1.12–1.66; p = 0.002) |
| Sanz-Paris, 2021 [26] | Institutionalized patients | 485 | 84.71 | Mortality | Cohort study | BIA, handgrip strength, and calf circumference | Min: HR = 0.81 (95%CI 0.46–1.42; p = 0.0456) Max: HR = 2.41 (95%CI 1.36–4.27; p < 0.01) |
BIA: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; CI: confidence interval; CT: computed tomography; DXA: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; FFMI: fat-free mass index; GLIM: Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition; HR: hazard ratio; MNA-SF: mini-nutritional assessment-short form; MR: magnetic resonance; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio. From the 17 articles found in the review, 11 articles were about the hospital setting, 5 about a community-dwelling population, and 2 were about a nursing home setting, from which 1 article included both a community-dwelling and nursing home population.