Figure 2.

TNFR-1- and TNFR-2-mediated inflammatory responses in the TNF-α signaling pathway. (a) Upon TNFR-1 activation, TRADD is attracted to TNFR1 together with TRAF2 to phosphorylate NF-κβ and activate MAPK as well to regulate the expression of proinflammatory molecules. In addition, TRADD also binds to FADD, which leads to cell apoptosis via caspase-8. (b) In the event of TNFR-2 activation, the recruitment of TRAF2-cIAP complex to TNFR-2 activates the NF-κB pathway, which results in the regulation of inflammation.