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. 2023 Mar 31;11(7):1003. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11071003

Table 7.

Criterion validity of the BOS (n = 739).

Questionnaires BOS
BOS Total Excessive Thinking Hypersensitivity Restless Behavior
HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)
Anxiety 0.429 *** 0.481 *** 0.417 *** 0.248 ***
Depression 0.288 *** 0.292 *** 0.330 *** 0.160 ***
WHOQOL-BREF (An Abbreviated Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life)
Perception on quality of life −0.086 * −0.114 ** −0.126 *** −0.003
Perception on general health −0.254 *** −0.263 *** −0.268 *** −0.150 ***
Physical health −0.396 *** −0.367 *** −0.389 *** −0.296 ***
Psychological health −0.277 *** −0.278 *** −0.354 *** −0.138 ***
Social relations −0.161 *** −0.168 *** −0.250 *** −0.033
Environmental health −0.323 *** −0.287 *** −0.346 *** −0.221 ***

BOS: Brain Overwork Scale, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001; p-values were calculated using Spearman’s correlations.