Table 1.
Characteristics of 1373 participants in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) autopsy data, by resilience to Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
| Mean (SD)/n (%) | No Resilience (n = 1311) |
Resilience (n = 62) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at death (years) | 82.4 (±8.1) | 88.3 (±6.6) | <0.01 |
| Female | 620 (47.3%) | 38 (61.3%) | 0.03 |
| African American | 67 (5.1%) | 4 (6.4%) | 0.64 |
| CERAD level | |||
| Moderate | 273 (20.8%) | 28 (45.2%) | <0.01 |
| Frequent | 1038 (79.2%) | 34 (54.8%) | |
| Braak stage | |||
| V | 482 (36.8%) | 51 (82.3%) | <0.01 |
| VI | 829 (63.2%) | 11 (17.7%) | |
| APOE-e4 | 737 (56.2%) | 26 (41.9%) | 0.02 |
| APOE-e2 | 82 (6.3%) | 11 (17.7%) | <0.01 |
| Lewy bodies | 527 (40.2%) | 20 (32.3%) | 0.37 |
| Cerebral microinfarcts | 267 (20.4%) | 13 (21.0%) | 0.93 |
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | |||
| No or Mild | 689 (52.6%) | 37 (59.7%) | |
| Moderate or Severe | 599 (45.7%) | 23 (37.1%) | 0.33 |
| Unknown | 23 (1.7%) | 2 (3.2%) | |
| Hippocampal sclerosis | |||
| No | 608 (46.4%) | 32 (51.6%) | |
| Yes | 118 (9.0%) | 2 (3.2%) | 0.27 |
| Unknown | 585 (44.6%) | 28 (45.2%) | |
| Education (years) | 15.2 (±3.2) | 15.6 (±3.2) | 0.43 |
| Smoking (ever) | 507 (38.7%) | 25 (40.3%) | 0.79 |
| Hypertension | 942 (71.8%) | 52 (83.9%) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 175 (13.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | 0.64 |
| Stroke | 113 (8.6%) | 7 (11.3%) | 0.47 |
| Myocardial infarction | 112 (8.5%) | 8 (12.9%) | 0.24 |
| Heart failure | 75 (5.7%) | 8 (12.9%) | 0.02 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 161 (12.3%) | 16 (25.8%) | <0.01 |
| Anti-hypertensive agents use | |||
| Any | 677 (51.6%) | 40 (64.5%) | 0.05 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 228 (17.4%) | 9 (14.5%) | 0.56 |
| Angiotensin II inhibitors | 92 (7.0%) | 8 (12.9%) | 0.08 |
| Beta-adrenergic blocking agents | 259 (19.8%) | 23 (37.1%) | <0.01 |
| Calcium channel blocking agents | 190 (14.5%) | 11 (17.7%) | 0.48 |
| Diuretics | 185 (14.1%) | 20 (32.3%) | <0.01 |
| Last body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 (±4.3) | 25.4 (±4.3) | 0.68 |
| Last blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 131 (20) | 133 (19) | 0.32 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 73 (8) | 71 (11) | 0.18 |
| Pulse pressure | 58 (18) | 63 (15) | 0.05 |
| Mean blood pressure of all visits (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 133 (16) | 134 (13) | 0.35 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 73 (8) | 72 (8) | 0.19 |
| Pulse pressure | 59 (14) | 63 (12) | 0.05 |