Table 2.
Predictors of resilience to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in 1373 participants in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) autopsy data with neuropathological evidence of AD.
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio | Adjusted Odds Ratio | p for Adjusted Odds Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (c-statistic for multiple logistic regression: 0.78) | |||
| Age at death | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 1.77 (1.05–2.97) | 1.32 (0.76–2.31) | 0.32 |
| African American | 1.28 (0.45–3.63) | 1.22 (0.41–3.66) | 0.71 |
| Hypertension | 2.04 (1.02–4.05) | 1.04 (0.48–2.24) | 0.92 |
| Beta-blocker use | 2.41 (1.41–4.11) | 1.68 (0.90–3.14) | 0.10 |
| Diuretic use | 2.91 (1.67–5.08) | 2.00 (1.04–3.87) | 0.04 |
| APOE-e4 | 0.50 (0.29–0.84) | 0.69 (0.40–1.20) | 0.19 |
| APOE-e2 | 3.13 (1.57–6.26) | 2.71 (1.31–5.64) | <0.01 |
| Heart failure | 2.44 (1.12–5.32) | 0.96 (0.40–2.33) | 0.93 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.48 (1.37–4.49) | 1.51 (0.78–2.91) | 0.22 |
| Hypertensive patients only (c-statistic for multiple logistic regression: 0.75) | |||
| Age at death | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 2.09 (1.18–3.72) | 1.51 (0.82–2.80) | 0.18 |
| African American | 1.09 (0.33–3.63) | 0.98 (0.28–3.38) | 0.98 |
| Beta-blocker use | 2.07 (1.18–3.65) | 1.63 (0.88–3.03) | 0.12 |
| Diuretic use | 2.53 (1.42–4.53) | 1.95 (1.02–3.75) | 0.05 |
| APOE-e4 | 0.46 (0.26–0.83) | 0.60 (0.32–1.11) | 0.10 |
| APOE-e2 | 2.50 (1.12–5.55) | 2.21 (0.95–5.12) | 0.06 |
| Heart failure | 2.34 (1.06–5.17) | 1.05 (0.43–2.54) | 0.92 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.16 (1.16–4.03) | 1.51 (0.76–2.97) | 0.24 |
Other variables in the model included education, smoking (ever), diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II inhibitors, calcium channel blocking agents, last body mass index (kg/m2), and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure from all visits (mmHg).