Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by treatment allocation. Data are presented as means (SDs) or n (%). Abbreviations: FAC, functional ambulation classification; MAS, modified Ashworth scale; SD, standard deviation.
| FES (n = 92) | Control (n = 92) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 63.5 (10.5) | 64.3 (11.8) | |
| Sex (male) | 70 (76) | 68 (74) | |
| Body weight, kg | 62.6 (10.9) | 61.4 (12.0) | |
| Time since stroke onset, days | 59.5 (32.6) | 63.7 (30.4) | |
| Cause of hemiplegia | Cerebral hemorrhage | 42 (46) | 40 (43) |
| Cerebral infarction | 50 (54) | 52 (57) | |
| FAC category | 3 | 49 (53) | 52 (57) |
| 4 | 43 (47) | 40 (43) | |
| MAS score of plantar flexor muscles, knee extended | 0 | 10 (11) | 14 (15) |
| 1 | 28 (30) | 27 (29) | |
| 1+ | 32 (35) | 31 (34) | |
| 2 | 17 (18) | 18 (20) | |
| 3 | 5 (5) | 1 (1) | |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| MAS score of plantar flexor muscles, knee flexed | 0 | 21 (23) | 21 (23) |
| 1 | 34 (37) | 34 (37) | |
| 1+ | 24 (26) | 25 (27) | |
| 2 | 11 (12) | 10 (11) | |
| 3 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Dorsiflexion range of motion | Active | 5.5 (5.5) | 7.6 (7.6) |
| Passive, knee extended | 7.0 (6.1) | 6.0 (7.6) | |
| Passive, knee flexed | 13.6 (6.6) | 14.7 (7.5) |