Table 4.
Inflammatory activity and cytokine profile in 35 patients with RA-ILD according to progression of lung disease.
| Variable | RA with Progression of ILD N = 13 |
RA without Progression of ILD N = 22 |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Activity and physical function indices | |||
| DAS28-ESR, mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.602 |
| Remission-low disease activity, n (%) | 6 (46.2) | 13 (59.1) | 0.347 |
| Moderate-high disease activity, n (%) | 7 (53.8) | 9 (40.9) | 0.347 |
| HAQ, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.6) | 0.511 |
| Cytokines | |||
| Eotaxin CCL11, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 11.6 (7.2–19.7) | 14.6 (6.1–20.2) | 0.176 |
| GM-CSF, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 7.5 (3.4–15.2) | 5.0 (3.1–8.0) | 0.232 |
| GRO alpha (CXCL1), pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.552 |
| IFN gamma, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 0.753 |
| IL-1 alpha, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 4.9 (1.0–10.3) | 0.2 (0.2–1.5) | 0.020 |
| IL-1 beta, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.600 |
| IL-2, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 2.8 (2.2–3.4) | 2.3 (1.9–3.0) | 0.362 |
| IL-4, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 0.5 (0.3–1.4) | 0.780 |
| IL-5, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 3.7 (2.8–6.7) | 2.8 (2.1–5.2) | 0.261 |
| IL-6, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 3.6 (0.7–45.4) | 3.5 (0.9–18.4) | 0.701 |
| IL-7, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.193 |
| IL8 (CXCL8), pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.3–3.3) | 0.5 (0.3–1.8) | 0.309 |
| IL-9, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.0–2.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | 0.112 |
| IL-10, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.2–2.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.649 |
| IL-12 p70, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.232 |
| IL-13, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 20.1 (9.4–20.9) | 2.8 (2.1–14.2) | 0.267 |
| IL-15, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 11.6 (6.3–44.4) | 4.9 (0.9–21.0) | 0.107 |
| IL-17 (ACTLA8), pg/mL, median (IQR) | 3.4 (1.1–13.3) | 0.9 (0.5–4.2) | 0.148 |
| IL-18, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 17.0 (8.6–19.1) | 6.0 (5.1–9.3) | 0.005 |
| IL-21, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 149.3 (30.8–313.7) | 9.2 (2.9–119.0) | 0.073 |
| IL-22, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 129.5 (41.5–252.4) | 37.1 (20.1–148.1) | 0.270 |
| IL-23, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.753 |
| IL-27, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 2.3 (0.8–98.5) | 4.5 (0.8–27.3) | 0.876 |
| IP10 (CXCL10), pg/mL, median (IQR) | 11.0 (7.2–18.8) | 8.3 (5.2–11.3) | 0.193 |
| MCP-1/CCL2, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 23.9 (14.5–40.2) | 11.8 (8.0–23.6) | 0.041 |
| MIP1 alpha CCL3, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 1.6 (0.2–5.2) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.060 |
| MIP1 beta CCL4, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 47.9 (13.9–81.7) | 23.4 (16.1–33.8) | 0.701 |
| RANTES (CCL5), pg/mL, median (IQR) | 16.7 (15.7–19.4) | 17.9 (14.5–21.4) | 0.861 |
| SDF-1 alpha, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 1300.7 (528.9–2837.6) | 523.9 (357.6–747.5) | 0.050 |
| TNF alpha, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.5–3.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | 0.889 |
| TNF beta, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.990 |
Abbreviations: RA: rheumatoid arthritis; ILD: interstitial lung disease; DAS28-ESR: 28-joint Disease Activity Score with erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor online; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IP10 (CXCL10): C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10; RANTES (CCL5): chemokine ligand 5; SDF-1 alpha: stromal cell-derived factor 1.