Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Mar 27;12(7):2529. doi: 10.3390/jcm12072529

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The potential impact of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) on atherosclerotic and thrombotic processes. The figure represents the main hypothetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in patients with higher Lp(a) serum concentrations. Apo(a): apolipoprotein(a); CD: cluster of differentiation; cGMP: guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; KIV: kringle IV; KV: kringle V; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NFkB: nuclear factor kB; OxPLs: oxidized phospholipids; PFKFB-3: 6-phophofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase enzyme; SMC: smooth muscle cell; TFPI: tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator.