Table 1.
Functional pathways enriched in VS tumor tissue from patients with tinnitus compared with those without tinnitus according to GSEA.
| p-Values | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathway | Description | Nominal a | FDR b | FWER |
| HALLMARK_ALLOGRAFT_REJECTION | Genes up-regulated during transplant rejection | 0 * | 0.022 * | 0.045 * |
| HALLMARK_PANCREAS_BETA_CELLS | Genes specifically up-regulated in pancreatic beta cells | 0.134 | 0.309 | 0.741 |
| HALLMARK_TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB | Genes regulated by NF-kB in response to TNFα | 0.04 | 0.284 | 0.845 |
| HALLMARK_COMPLEMENT | Genes encoding components of the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system | 0.070 | 0.269 | 0.898 |
| HALLMARK_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE | Genes defining inflammatory response | 0.114 | 0.353 | 0.979 |
| HALLMARK_INTERFERON_GAMMA_RESPONSE | Genes up-regulated in response to IFNG | 0.222 | 0.491 | 0.998 |
Five of the top six enriched pathways were associated with inflammation. Only the enrichment level within the HALLMARK_ALLOGRAFT_REJECTION pathway was significantly different between VS samples from patients with and without tinnitus (* FDR < 0.25, nominal and FWER p < 0.05). Abbreviations: GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; FDR, false discovery rate; FWER, family-wise error rate; IFNG, interferon-gamma; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha. Note: a Unadjusted p-value. b Adjusted p-value for gene set size and multiple hypothesis testing.