Table 3.

Relationship between mass media and HIV-related stigma in terms of the country

Location	Effect size (r)	Lower limit	Upper limit	Z-value	p-value
South Africa	0.011	− 0.148	0.169	0.131	0.896
Botswana	− 0.902	− 0.915	− 0.887	− 39.139	< 0.001
China	− 0.350	− 0.378	− 0.321	− 22.268	< 0.001
Ethiopia	− 0.048	− 0.110	0.015	− 1.499	0.134
Ghana	0.046	− 0.179	0.267	0.398	0.691
India	− 0.247	− 0.366	− 0.120	− 3.758	< 0.001
Indonesia	− 0.069	− 0.254	0.120	− 0.716	0.474
Iran	− 0.159	− 0.265	− 0.049	− 2.833	0.005
Nepal	0.460-	− 0.503	− 0.415	17.470-	< 0.001
Nigeria	− 0.254	− 0.696	0.328	− 0.847	0.397
USA	− 0.550	− 0.583	− 0.515	− 24.812	< 0.001