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The anti-inflammatory activity of PBJ and stachydrine in the R3/1 cell line with a gene reporter for NF-kb. The effects of PBJ are shown before (A) and after (B) extraction in a hydro-alcoholic mixture and under sonication to release the small molecules from the polymeric matrix. The dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of stachydrine is shown in panel (C). *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.
