Table 2.
Location | Protein | CA Class |
Activity | Physiological Role ** | Regulation of Gene Expression | Acclimation State |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low CO2 | CIA5 | ||||||
Periplasmic space | CAH1 | α | + | Supply Ci for uptake | + | + (via LCR1) |
L-, VL-cells |
CAH2 | α | + | Supply Ci for uptake | − | − | H-cells | |
Periplasmic space or plasma membrane | CAH7 | β | + | n/d | − | − | n/o |
CAH8 | β | + | n/d | − | + | n/o | |
Cytosol | CAH9 | β | n/d | n/d | − | + | n/o |
Mitochondria | CAH4 | β | + | Conversion CO2 into HCO3− | + | + | L-, VL-cells |
CAH5 | β | + | Conversion CO2 into HCO3− | + | + | L-, VL-cells | |
CAG1 | γ | n/d | Conversion CO2 into HCO3− | − | n/d | n/o | |
CAG2 | γ | n/d | Conversion CO2 into HCO3− | − | n/d | n/o | |
CAG3 | γ | − | Conversion CO2 into HCO3− | − | n/d | n/o | |
Chloroplast stroma | LCIB * | θ | − | CO2 leakage prevention | + | + | H-, L-, VL-cells |
LCIC * | θ | − | CO2 leakage prevention | + | + | H-, L-, VL-cells | |
Thylakoid lumen | CAH3 | α | + | CO2 generation for Rubisco | ± | n/o | H, L-, VL-cells |
Flagella | CAH6 | β | + | Ci sensing | − | − | n/o |
Components with confirmed or proposed involvement in the CCM are shown in bold. * Proteins LCIB and LCIC form a complex that functions as the Ci conversion system in the chloroplast stroma. ** known or predicted. n/d—no data. n/o—not obviously.