Table 2.
Summary of the Main Studies on the Effect of Ethanol on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption.
| Nutrient | Effect on Absorption | Dosage | Location | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B1 | ↓ or n/c * | Heavy Binge |
Jejunum, HuTu-80 cells | [11,83,84,85,86,87,88,89] |
| Vitamin B2 | ↓ | Heavy | Jejunum, Colon | [90] |
| Vitamin B7 | ↓ | Heavy | SI, Colon |
[107,108] |
| Vitamin B9 | ↓, n/c * | Heavy Binge |
Jejunum | [8,16,91,92,93,94,109] |
| Vitamins A, D, E, B6, B12, and K | ↓ | Heavy | SI | [1,13,110] |
| Vitamin C | ↑ | Heavy | SI | [95] |
| Glucose | ↓ or n/c **,#,## | Heavy Binge Moderate |
SI, Jejunum, IEC-18 cells | [7,10,14,17,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,111,112] |
| Fructose | n/c | Heavy | SI | [111] |
| Glutamine | ↓ | Moderate | IEC-18 cells, Terminal SI | [33] |
| Leucine | ↓ or n/c ** | Heavy | Jejunum | [70,72,80,81,82] |
| Glycine | ↓ or n/c ** | Heavy | SI | [6,70] |
| Xylose, alanine #, ascorbate # | ↓ | Heavy | SI | [18,111] |
| Zinc | ↓ | Heavy | SI | [98] |
| Calcium | ↓ | Heavy, Moderate | Duodenum | [9,96] |
| Iron | ↑ and n/c ### | Heavy | SI | [100,101] |
| Magnesium | ↓ | Heavy | SI | [17] |
| Selenium | ↑ | Heavy | Duodenum | [104] |
Adapted with permission from Butts M.R. [32]. Abbreviations: *, n/c, no change, only refers to Lemos et al. (2005); **, n/c only present in concentration below 200 mM from Hwang et al. (1989); #, only refers to O’Neill et al. (1986), and less than 1% for glucose; ##, only refers to Ghirardi et al. (1971) in the 20 day treatment; n/c, no change; ###, increase in duodenum, n/c in ileum; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; heavy, BAC ≥ 0.08%; moderate, BAC ≤ 0.04%; binge, BAC ≥ 0.08% in less than two hours; SI, small intestine with no specified location; IEC, intestinal epithelial cells.