Table 2.
Characteristics of participants.
| LFI1 | LFI2 | HFI1 | HFI2 | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 82) | (n = 81) | (n = 81) | (n = 80) | (n = 324) | χ2 | p | |
| Age (years) | 28.5 (4.0) | 28.0 (6.0) | 30.0 (6.0) | 29.0 (6.0) | 29.0 (6.0) | 2.006 | 0.571 |
| Height (cm) | 156.5 (7.0) | 157.0 (7.3) | 156.0 (7.0) | 156.0 (7.0) | 156.8 (6.9) | 2.374 | 0.498 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.2 (10.0) | 53.4 (7.5) | 53.2 (0.7) | 53.5 (6.8) | 53.5 (8.3) | 1.908 | 0.375 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 (3.3) | 22.2 (3.4) | 22.0 (4.0) | 21.9 (2.5) | 22.1 (3.0) | 2.605 | 0.462 |
| Skeletal muscle | 40.2 (6.1) | 39.7 (6.5) | 40.7 (5.1) | 40.2 (4.8) | 40.2 (5.4) | 1.152 | 0.683 |
| Blood pressure | |||||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 115 (11) | 113 (10) | 112 (10) | 112 (15) | 113 (12) | 2.296 | 0.513 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 78 (9) | 76 (10) | 76 (10) | 77 (8) | 77 (9) | 3.011 | 0.390 |
Note: Values represent medians (quartile ranges). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in the indices between participants in different groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. BMI: body mass index; LFI1: low fluid intake 1; LFI2: low fluid intake 2; HFI1: high fluid intake 1; HFI2: high fluid intake 2.