Table 3.
Composition of fluid intake of participants with different TFI levels.
| LFI1 | LFI2 | HFI1 | HFI2 | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 82) | (n = 81) | (n = 81) | (n = 80) | (n = 324) | χ2 | p | |
| Daily TFI (mL) * | 1347.9 (65) | 1448.6 (43) | 1530.0 (41) | 1609.3 (78) | 1485 (163) | 298.929 | <0.001 |
| Percentage meeting Chinese water AI level (%) # | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (13.8) | 11 (3.4) | 34.622 | <0.001 |
| TFI sources | |||||||
| Plain water | |||||||
| Amount (mL) * | 1225.0 (87) | 1354.3 (81) | 1440.0 (86) | 1507.9 (95) | 1384.3 (172) | 222.027 | <0.001 |
| Percent (%) # | 94.2 (4.8) | 93.4 (5.6) | 94.4 (5.5) | 92.7 (4.7) | 93.5 (5.1) | 7.391 | 0.060 |
| SSBs | |||||||
| Amount (mL) * | 0.0 (34) | 28.6 (64) | 31.4 (64) | 52.1 (86) | 59.3 (57) | 22.236 | <0.001 |
| Percent (%) # | 0.0 (2.6) | 1.9 (4.5) | 2.0 (4.3) | 3.2 (5.2) | 1.9 (4.2) | 15.099 | 0.002 |
| Dairy products | |||||||
| Amount (mL) * | 58.6 (60) | 57.1 (58) | 58.6 (48) | 68.6 (64) | 28.6 (64) | 4.820 | 0.185 |
| Percent (%) # | 4.4 (4.5) | 3.9 (4.1) | 3.8 (3.1) | 4.2 (4.00) | 4.1 (3.7) | 4.540 | 0.209 |
| Tea | |||||||
| Amount (mL) * | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Percent (%) # | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Note: * Values represent medians (quartile ranges) and were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test; # values represent n (percentage) and were compared using the chi-squared test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. AI represents recommendations for adequate intake level. The AI recommendation for TFI levels for male adults set by the Chinese nutrition society is 1.7 L. TFI: total fluid intake; SSBs: sugar-sweetened beverages; LFI1: low fluid intake 1; LFI2: low fluid intake 2; HFI1: high fluid intake 1; HFI2: high fluid intake 2.