Table 4.
Urine indexes for participants with different TFI levels.
| LFI1 | LFI2 | HFI1 | HFI2 | Total | F | χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 82) | (n = 81) | (n = 81) | (n = 80) | (n = 324) | ||||
| Urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) * | 718.5 ± 143.2 | 678.9 ± 168.8 | 571.3 ± 204.8 | 530.9 ± 178.0 | 625.5 ± 190.3 | 20.623 | <0.001 | |
| Hydration status | ||||||||
| Optimal hydration status (n,%) # | 6(7.3%) | 13(16.1%) | 31(38.3%) | 36(45.0%) | 86(26.5) | |||
| Normal yhdration status (n,%) # | 54(65.9%) | 59(72.8%) | 44(54.3%) | 44(55.0%) | 201(62.1%) | 131.241 | <0.001 | |
| Dehydrated status (n,%) # | 22(26.8%) | 9(11.1%) | 6(7.4%) | 0(0.0%) | 37(11.4%) | |||
| Urine specific gravity (USG) * | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 3.093 | 0.027 | |
| Urine pH * | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 2.110 | 0.099 | |
| Urea (mmol/L) * | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 0.709 | 0.547 | |
| Urine creatinine (mmol/L) * | 59.4 ± 10.4 | 57.5 ± 9.7 | 58.8 ± 10.9 | 57.4 ± 9.6 | 58.3 ± 10.2 | 0.771 | 0.511 | |
| Uric acid (UA) (mmol/L) * | 260.8 ± 56.3 | 259.5 ± 55.5 | 261.3 ± 62.3 | 276.6 ± 69.8 | 264.5 ± 61.3 | 1.389 | 0.246 |
Note: * Values represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and were compared using one-way ANOVA; # values represent n (percentage) and were compared using the chi-squared test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. LFI1: low fluid intake 1; LFI2: low fluid intake 2; HFI1: high fluid intake 1; HFI2: high fluid intake 2.