TABLE 1.
Characteristics of total study participants and by tertile of 24‐h urinary potassium excretion
| Characteristics | Total | T1 (< 970.9 mg) | T2 (970.9 to 1337.8 mg) | T3 (≥1337.8 mg) | X2, Z/P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 546 | 182 | 182 | 182 | |
| Age (years) | 48.2 (36.2, 55.7) | 45.8 (32.2, 54.0) | 48.2 (34.8, 55.4) | 49.8 (42.9, 56.6) | 13.001/0.002 |
| Gender (women, n, %) | 316 (57.9) | 109 (59.9) | 120 (65.9) | 87 (47.8) | 12.703/0.002 |
| Education (≥high school, n, %) | 244 (44.7) | 77 (42.3) | 91 (50.0) | 76 (41.8) | 3.121/0.210 |
| Occupation (mental worker, n, %) | 202 (37.0) | 65 (35.7) | 76 (41.8) | 61 (33.5) | 2.839/0.242 |
| Cigarette consumption (n, %) | 101 (18.5) | 40 (22.0) | 35 (19.2) | 26 (14.3) | 3.662/0.160 |
| Alcohol intake (n, %) | 130 (23.8) | 32 (17.6) | 39 (21.4) | 59 (32.4) | 11.871/0.003 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 197 (36.1) | 61 (33.5) | 64 (35.2) | 72 (39.6) | 1.538/0.464 |
| Anti‐hypertensive agents (n, %) | 105 (19.2) | 29 (15.9) | 43 (23.6) | 33 (18.1) | 3.672/0.159 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.2 (115.3, 138.8) | 122.3 (114.5, 136.8) | 125.5 (115.3, 138.7) | 126.8 (116.6, 141.0) | 3.491/0.175 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.5 (73.0, 88.0) | 79.9 ± 11.9 | 80.6 ± 11.2 | 80.5 (74.3, 88.2) | 1.808/0.405 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 52 (9.5) | 10 (5.5) | 17 (9.3) | 25 (13.7) | 7.171/0.028 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.11 (4.60, 5.82) | 5.0 (4.5, 5.6) | 5.1 (4.7, 5.8) | 5.2 (4.7, 6.1) | 5.433/0.066 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 181 (33.2) | 51 (28.0) | 58 (31.9) | 72 (39.6) | 5.659/0.059 |
| Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.53 (3.81, 5.22) | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.5 (3.8, 5.2) | 4.6 (3.9, 5.4) | 1.738/0.419 |
| Serum triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.10 (0.74, 1.68) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 19.731/ < 0.001 |
| Poor sleep quality (n, %) | 240 (44.0) | 83 (45.6) | 87 (47.8) | 70 (38.5) | 3.518/0.172 |
| PSQI score | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 9.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 4.446/0.108 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (23.6, 29.2) | 25.6 (22.3, 28.5) | 25.9 (23.4, 29.3) | 27.4 (25.0, 29.8) | 20.253/ < 0.001 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 (4.1, 4.6) | 4.3 (4.1, 4.6) | 4.3 (4.1, 4.6) | 4.3 (4.1, 4.6) | 1.285/0.526 |
| 24‐h urinary potassium (mg) | 1133.5 (888.5, 1476.1) | 772.6 (635.3, 890.0) | 1133.5 (1036.2, 1224.6) | 1640.9 (1475.0, 1978.3) | 484.446/ < 0.001 |
| 24‐h urinary sodium (mg) | 3287.7 (2351.3, 4461.5) | 2602.7 (1837.0, 3780.8) | 2313.7 (3312.8, 4266.7) | 4238.1 (3071.2, 5341.6) | 79.772/ < 0.001 |
| 24‐h urine creatinine (mmol) | 8.1 (6.5, 10.2) | 6.9 (5.3, 8.5) | 7.9 (6.7, 9.5) | 9.8 (7.8, 12.8) | 102.386/ < 0.001 |
| 24‐h urine volume (ml) | 1241.5 (895.8, 1571.3) | 941.5 (670.0, 1313.5) | 1234.0 (903.3, 1623.5) | 1452.0 (1202.5, 1851.3) | 94.546/ < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SAS, self‐rating anxiety scale.; SDS, self‐rating depression scale.